View source for Carex echinata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carex echinata
|accepted_authority=Murray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Prodr. Stirp. Gott.,
|place=76. 1770
|year=1770
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Carex;Carex sect. Stellulatae;Carex echinata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Carex sect. Stellulatae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carex echinata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 328, 329
|treatment_page=page 330
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Culms </b>10–90(–135) cm. <b>Leaves</b> 3–6 per culm; sheaths tight, inner band hyaline, 1.8–2.5 cm, apex concave, glabrous; ligules 0.6–2.5(–4.5) mm, rounded to ± acute; blades plicate, 5–40 cm × 0.7–3.3(–3.8) mm, widest leaf 1–3.3(–3.8) mm wide. <b>Inflorescences</b> 0.7–7.8 cm; spikes (2–)3–8; lateral spikes pistillate often with few staminate flowers proximally, 3–15.5 mm, sessile, staminate portion 7-flowered, to 8.2 mm, pistillate portion 3–32-flowered, 2.5–11 mm; basal 2 spikes 1.7–42 mm apart; terminal spike gynecandrous, 5–24 mm, staminate portion 2–17-flowered, 2–16.5 × 0.9–2 mm, pistillate portion 4–26-flowered, 2.6–9 × 4.9–9.1 mm. <b>Pistillate</b> scales ovate, (1.4–)2.1–3.1 × 0.7–2.3 mm, apex acute to sometimes obtuse. <b>Staminate</b> scales ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 1.3–3.8 × 0.8–1.7 mm, base clavate, apex acute. <b>Anthers</b> 0.8–1.6(–2) mm. <b>Perigynia</b> spreading to reflexed, castaneous to dark brown, 2–14-veined abaxially, 0–12-veined adaxially over achene, lanceolate to ovate, (2.65–)2.9–4.75 × 0.8–2.1 mm, (1.7–)1.8–3.2(–3.6) times as long as wide; beak (0.85–)0.95–2 mm, (0.4–)0.45–0.86 length of body, serrulate, teeth (0–)0.15–0.5 mm. <b>Achenes</b> ovate-lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, 1.3–2.1 × 0.8–1.55 mm. <b>2n</b> = 58.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;N.S.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Alaska;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;D.C.;Del.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Nev.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;Central America;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences lax to dense, usually 2.5–8 cm; distance between basal 2 spikes usually longer than basal spike.
|[[Carex echinata subsp. echinata|Carex echinata subsp. echinata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences very dense, 1.2–2.5(–4) cm; distance between basal 2 spikes usually less than length of basal spike.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perigynia 2.9–3.6(–4) mm, often veinless over achene on adaxial surface; widest leaves 1–2.4(–2.7) mm wide; widespread.
|[[Carex echinata subsp. echinata|Carex echinata subsp. echinata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perigynia (3.1)3.5–4.75 mm, 2–12-veined over achene on adaxial surface; widest leaves (1.7–)2.3–3.3(–3.8) mm wide; west coast.
|[[Carex echinata subsp. phyllomanica|Carex echinata subsp. phyllomanica]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carex echinata
|authority=Murray
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;N.S.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Alaska;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;D.C.;Del.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Nev.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;Central America;Eurasia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Prodr. Stirp. Gott.,
|publication year=1770
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_588.xml
|genus=Carex
|section=Carex sect. Stellulatae
|species=Carex echinata
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Carex sect. Stellulatae]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]