View source for Cardamine maxima

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cardamine maxima
|accepted_authority=(Nuttall) Alph. Wood
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Amer. Bot. Fl.,
|place=38. 1870
|year=1870
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Dentaria maxima
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
|publication_title=Gen. N. Amer. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 66. 1818
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cardamine anomala
|authority=(Eames) K. Schumann
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Dentaria anomala
|authority=Eames
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae;Cardamine;Cardamine maxima
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cardamine]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cardamine maxima]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 224, 466
|treatment_page=page 477
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties="">Perennials; glabrous (except leaflet margins and, sometimes, rachis). <b>Rhizomes</b> cylindrical, 3–6 mm diam., (distinctly constricted at intervals, non-uniform diam., fleshy, slightly fragile, with dentate leaf scars). <b>Stems</b> erect, unbranched, 0.9–3(–4) dm. <b>Rhizomal</b> leaves 3-foliolate, 7–20 cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole 4–15 cm; lateral leaflets subsessile or petiolulate, blade often similar to terminal, base often oblique; terminal leaflet (petiolule 0.2–1(–1.7) cm), blade broadly ovate to oblong, 2–7.5 cm × 12–37 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins coarsely dentate to sharply incised, or deeply cleft into 2 or 3 lobes (lobes dentate or incised, margins puberulent). <b>Cauline</b> leaves 2 or 3, 3-foliolate, (rarely subopposite), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (0.5–)1–4(–6.5) cm, base not auriculate; lateral and terminal leaflets similar to rhizomal, distalmost sometimes much smaller. <b>Racemes</b> ebracteate. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels: (flowering ones) horizontal to divaricate or deflexed, 7–20 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals (erect to ascending), oblong, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white or pink, oblanceolate, 10–17 × 3–6 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4–8 mm, lateral pair 3–6.5 mm; anthers linear, 1.7–2.7 mm. <b>Fruits</b> (undeveloped), linear-lanceolate, to 3 cm × 2 mm; ovules 10–14 per ovary; style 3.5–7 mm. <b>Seeds</b> not known. <b>2n</b> = 120, 124, 132, 138, 156, 161, ca. 208.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Rich woods, shady ravines, ledges, moist alluvial bottoms, steep forested slopes, stream banks
|distribution=N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;Vt.
|discussion=<p><i>Cardamine maxima</i> has not been found with mature fruits and seeds and it has long been suspected to be a hybrid between <i>C. concatenata</i> and <i>C. diphylla</i>. Molecular studies (P. W. Sweeney and R. A. Price 2000) indicate that <i>C. maxima</i> is distinct from both those species. Although we hesitate to maintain it as a species, its wide distribution and morphological distinctness warrant its recognition.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cardamine maxima
|authority=(Nuttall) Alph. Wood
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Cardamine anomala;Dentaria anomala
|basionyms=Dentaria maxima
|family=Brassicaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Rich woods, shady ravines, ledges, moist alluvial bottoms, steep forested slopes, stream banks
|distribution=N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;Vt.
|reference=None
|publication title=Amer. Bot. Fl.,
|publication year=1870
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_732.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae
|genus=Cardamine
|species=Cardamine maxima
}}<!--

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