View source for Baptisia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Baptisia
|accepted_authority=Ventenat
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Dec. Gen. Nov.,
|place=9. 1808
|year=1808
}}
|common_names=Wild or false indigo
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fabaceae;Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae;Baptisia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fabaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Baptisia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek bapto, to dip or dye, alluding to use of some species as substitutes for true indigo dyes
|volume=Volume 11
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, bushy, unarmed; rootstock thick or rhizomatous. <b>Stems</b> stiffly erect or spreading, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, odd-pinnate; stipules present or absent; petiolate, sessile, or subsessile; leaflets usually 3, rarely 1 or 2, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. <b>Inflorescences</b> 1–30+-flowered, axillary or terminal, racemes; bracts present or absent, 2, well developed when present; bracteoles usually absent, distal to middle of pedicel when present. <b>Flowers</b> papilionaceous; calyx campanulate, subactinomorphic, lobes 4; corolla white, yellow, violet, or blue, petals mostly distinct, keel petals slightly connate; stamens 10, distinct; anthers dorsifixed; ovary distinctly stipitate, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Fruits</b> legumes, stipitate, inflated, suborbicular, lanceoloid, ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, or cylindric, indehiscent, leathery, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Seeds</b> 2–30+, obovoid to ovoid. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=c;sc;e North America.
|discussion=<p>Species 17 (17 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Baptisia is monophyletic and most closely related to the North American species of Thermopsis (B. L. Turner 1981; M. G. Mendenhall 1994; Wang H. C. et al. 2006). It is mostly confined to the eastern United States; B. australis var. minor and B. tinctoria barely extend into Canada. Baptisia is perhaps best known for having very distinct species that commonly hybridize, which confounded early botanists. For example, M. M. Larisey (1940) recognized 30 species in Baptisia, most of which are of hybrid origin. D. Isely (1981) provided an excellent account in which 15 species were recognized; in his account of 1998, 16 species were recognized, some with two or more varieties. Turner (2006c) provided detailed occurrence maps for the species and varieties treated here.</p><!--
--><p>D. Isely (1981) provided a detailed summary of the hybridization problems in Baptisia. As documented by R. E. Alston and B. L. Turner (1962) and M. A. Kosnik et al. (1996), anywhere two species of Baptisia are found growing together or in proximity, hybrids and/or their derivatives can be expected.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets 1.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Herbs pubescent; Brantley and Wayne counties, Georgia.
|[[Baptisia arachnifera|Baptisia arachnifera]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Herbs glabrous; Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves not perfoliate.
|[[Baptisia simplicifolia|Baptisia simplicifolia]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves perfoliate.
|[[Baptisia perfoliata|Baptisia perfoliata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets usually 3 (1 or 2 distally in B. sphaerocarpa).
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pedicels bracteolate.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Flowers 10–15 mm; calyces 6–7 mm, lobes ± equal to tube.
|[[Baptisia lecontei|Baptisia lecontei]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Flowers 10–14 mm; calyces 8–13 mm, lobes much longer than tube.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Herbs glabrous; ne Florida.
|[[Baptisia calycosa|Baptisia calycosa]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Herbs pubescent; easternmost Florida Panhandle.
|[[Baptisia hirsuta|Baptisia hirsuta]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Pedicels ebracteolate.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Corollas dull violet to deep blue.
|[[Baptisia australis|Baptisia australis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Corollas white, cream, or yellow.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Corollas white, cream, or pale yellow.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Legumes cylindric to oblong-lanceoloid, 7–10 mm wide; flowers.
|[[Baptisia alba|Baptisia alba]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Legumes ellipsoid-cylindric or ellipsoid-lanceoloid to lanceoloid, 12–30 mm wide; flowers 18–25 mm.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Racemes terminal, stiffly erect, not secund; corollas white.
|[[Baptisia lactea|Baptisia lactea]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Racemes axillary, ascending to horizontal, secund; corollas cream or pale yellow.
|[[Baptisia bracteata|Baptisia bracteata]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Corollas usually yellow (sometimes cream or pale yellow in B. bracteata and B. megacarpa).
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Legumes suborbicular, woody; leaflets 3 to mid stem, 1 or 2 distally.
|[[Baptisia sphaerocarpa|Baptisia sphaerocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Legumes ovoid, suborbicular, ellipsoid, lanceoloid, or ellipsoid-lanceoloid, leathery, brittle, papery, or woody; leaflets 3 throughout.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Corollas 12–16 mm; legumes 8–15 mm.
|[[Baptisia tinctoria|Baptisia tinctoria]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Corollas (15–)18–28 mm; legumes 8–55 mm.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Racemes secund, axillary, 8–30-flowered.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Petioles 1–4 mm mid stem; c, n United States.
|[[Baptisia leucophaea|Baptisia leucophaea]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Petioles 5–14 mm mid stem; se United States.
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Bracts persistent.
|[[Baptisia bracteata|Baptisia bracteata]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Bracts deciduous.
|[[Baptisia cinerea|Baptisia cinerea]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Racemes not secund, terminal or axillary, 1–10(–12)-flowered.
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Mid stem leaves sessile or subsessile; corollas 15–20 mm; sc United States.
|[[Baptisia nuttalliana|Baptisia nuttalliana]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Mid stem leaves subsessile or petiolate; corollas 18–25 mm; se United States.
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Petioles 15–20 mm mid stem; legumes 30–40 × 20–30 mm.
|[[Baptisia megacarpa|Baptisia megacarpa]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Petioles 0.1–12 mm mid stem; legumes 10–25 × 10–12 mm.
|[[Baptisia lanceolata|Baptisia lanceolata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Baptisia
|author=Billie L. Turner†
|authority=Ventenat
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fabaceae
|distribution=c;sc;e North America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Dec. Gen. Nov.,
|publication year=1808
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/master/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V11/V11_322.xml
|subfamily=Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae
|genus=Baptisia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae]]