View source for Avena

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Avena
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Avena
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Avena]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 734
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial. <b>Culms</b> 8-200 cm, erect or decumbent. <b>Sheaths</b> open; auricles absent; ligules membranous; blades usually flat, sometimes involute, lax. <b>Inflorescences</b> panicles, diffuse, sometimes 1-sided, some branches longer than 1 cm. <b>Spikelets</b> 15-50 min, pedicellate, laterally compressed, with 1-6(8) florets; rachillas not prolonged beyond the base of the distal floret; disarticulation above the glumes, usually also beneath the florets, cultivated forms not disarticulating. <b>Glumes</b> usually exceeding the florets, membranous, glabrous, 3-11-veined, acute, unawned; calluses rounded to pointed, with or without hairs; lemmas usually indurate and enclosing the caryopses at maturity, 5-9-veined, often with twisted, strigose hairs below midlength, apices dentate to bifid or biaristate, usually awned, sometimes unawned, awns dorsal, usually once-geniculate and strongly twisted in the basal portion; paleas bifid or entire, keels ciliate; lodicules 2, free, glabrous, toothed or not toothed; anthers 3; ovaries hairy. <b>Caryopses</b> shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, terete, ventrally grooved, pubescent; hila linear, x = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Mex.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Avena</i>, a genus of 29 species, is native to temperate and cold regions of Europe, North Africa, and central Asia; it has become nearly cosmopolitan through the cultivation of cereal oats, and the inadvertent introduction of the weedy species. Six species have been introduced into the Flora region.</p><!--
--><p>Reports of <i>Avena</i> strigosa Schreb. from California are based on misidentifications. The specimens involved belong to <i>A. barbata</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=baum1977a
|text=Baum, B.R. 1977. Oats: Wild and Cultivated
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dore1980a
|text=Dore, W.G. and J. McNeill. 1980. Grasses of Ontario. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph No. 26. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec, Canada. 568 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=unknown-c
|text=A Monograph of the Genus Avena L. (Poaceae) Biosystematics Research institute Monograph No. 14. Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 463 pp.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|- id="key-0-1"
|1
|Florets not disarticulating from the glumes, remaining attached to the plant even at maturity; calluses glabrous
|[[Avena sativa|Avena sativa]]
|- id="key-0-1"
|1
|Florets disarticulating at maturity, only the glumes remaining attached; calluses bearded.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|- id="key-0-2"
|2
|Florets falling from the glumes as a unit
|[[Avena sterilis|Avena sterilis]]
|- id="key-0-2"
|2
|Florets falling separately
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|- id="key-0-3"
|3
|Lemma apices biaristate, 2 veins extending 2-4 mm beyond the apices
|[[Avena barbata|Avena barbata]]
|- id="key-0-3"
|3
|Lemma apices erose to bifid, the veins not extending beyond the apices.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|- id="key-0-4"
|4
|Spikelets with 2(3) florets; disarticulation scar of the lower florets in a spikelet round to oval or triangular, that of the third floret, if present, similar
|[[Avena fatua|Avena fatua]]
|- id="key-0-4"
|4
|Spikelets with 2-4(5) florets; disarticulation scar of the lower florets in a spikelet round to elliptic, those of the third and fourth florets (and sometimes the second) heart-shaped.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|- id="key-0-5"
|5
|Glumes 15-23 mm long
|[[Avena hybrida]]
|- id="key-0-5"
|5
|Glumes 28-40 mm long
|[[Avena occidentalis|Avena occidentalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Avena
|author=Bernard R. Baum;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|illustrator=Cindy Roché
|illustration copyright=Utah State University
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Mex.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.
|reference=baum1977a;dore1980a;unknown-c
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/200273ad09963decb8fc72550212de541d86569d/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_1041.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae
|genus=Avena
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]]