View source for Acacia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Acacia
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 1. 1754
|year=1754
|other_info_on_pub=name conserved
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fabaceae;Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideaemimosoidclade;Acacia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fabaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideaemimosoidclade]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Acacia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Derivation uncertain, perhaps Greek ake or akis, sharp point, alluding to spiny stipules of some species, or a, absent, and kakia, malice, alluding to sacredness or use of wood in making vessels
|volume=Volume 11
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees [rarely vines], usually unarmed, stipular spines present on A. paradoxa. <b>Stems</b> erect to ascending or pendulous, glabrous or pubescent; twigs not flexuous or slightly so, terete to angled or ridged, short shoots usually absent. <b>Leaves</b> alternate (except fascicled or whorled in A. verticillata), even-bipinnate or phyllodic, leaves often modified (in age) to polymorphic phyllodes (enlarged, flattened petiole without leaflets), usually glandular on margins and/or apex, saplings often with even-pinnate juvenile leaves often not present at maturity; stipules usually present, usually early deciduous, rarely woody, spinose; petiolate, usually with 1 globose gland; pinnae [1 or] 2–31[–50] pairs, mostly opposite; leaflets 8–70 pairs per pinna, opposite, sessile or subsessile, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. <b>Peduncles</b> usually not elongated in fruit, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Inflorescences</b> 20–200+-flowered, terminal or axillary, globose heads or cylindrical spikes, heads solitary, fascicled, or clustered, or arranged in pseudoracemes or pseudopanicles; bracts present. <b>Flowers</b> mimosoid; calyx cup-shaped, lobes 4 or 5, triangular, glabrous [pubescent]; corolla yellow to cream, cup-shaped, lobes 4 or 5, triangular, membranous, glabrous [pubescent]; stamens 20–150, rarely connate basally, usually exserted, mostly yellow to gold or creamy white; anthers dorsifixed, mostly eglandular; ovary sessile or short-stipitate; style and stigma filiform. <b>Fruits</b> legumes, erect to pendulous, stipitate, stipe usually relatively short, mostly flat, straight to falcate, linear to oblong, apex sometimes beaked, usually dehiscent along sutures, dry, papery to leathery, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Seeds</b> usually 6–10, usually flattened, ellipsoid to ovoid, uniseriate, usually with pulpy, bright-colored aril, forming a cap or encircling seed. <b>x</b> = 13.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands (Kei Islands;New Guinea);Australia;introduced also in South America;introduced elsewhere in tropical and subtropical regions.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 1300 (15 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Acacia species are indigenous mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with more than 950 in Australia. None is native to the New World.</p><!--
--><p>To preserve as much current usage as possible, at the 17th International Botanical Congress in 2005, the type of the genus Acacia was changed from Acacia scorpioides (Linnaeus) W. Wright to the Australian species Acacia penninervis Sieber ex de Candolle (B. R. Maslin 2008; J. McNeill and N. J. Turland 2010). Presently, there is considerable evidence that the broadly defined genus Acacia is not a natural or monophyletic group (Gill. K. Brown et al. 2008). Therefore, plants of the former Acacia subg. Phyllodineae remain in the genus Acacia (Maslin et al. 2003; Maslin 2008), and other species of the traditional Acacia are transferred to the genera Acaciella, Mariosousa, Parasenegalia Seigler & Ebinger, Pseudosenegalia Seigler & Ebinger, Senegalia, and Vachellia.</p><!--
--><p>Members of Acacia enumerated here are introduced, exotic species proven to be adventive in the United States by vouchered collections; most are restricted to Arizona, southern California, and Florida. In addition, many Australian Acacia species are cultivated in botanical gardens and plant introduction centers and as ornamentals in the nursery trade. Although not clearly established to be adventive, other Acacia species may occasionally be found outside of cultivation; D. Isely (1973) mentioned a few of these, including A. podalyriifolia A. Cunningham ex G. Don, reported from a non-cultivated stand on Santa Catalina Island, California, and more recently from Orange County. Naturalized individuals of A. salicina Lindley and A. stenophylla A. Cunningham ex Bentham are known from Maricopa County, Arizona (ASU). Acacia iteaphylla F. Mueller ex Bentham is naturalized on the University of California-Riverside campus and is possibly invasive (Sanders & Morgan 21588, UCR).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves compound.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves with 2–5 pinna pairs; petioles 0–2 mm.
|[[Acacia baileyana|Acacia baileyana]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves with (3–)6–31 pinna pairs; petioles 5–33 mm.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Distance between pinna pairs 7–20 mm; leaflet blades 5–15 mm.
|[[Acacia decurrens|Acacia decurrens]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Distance between pinna pairs 2–7 mm; leaflet blades 1.5–5 mm.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rachis glands between most pinna pairs.
|[[Acacia dealbata|Acacia dealbata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rachis glands scattered, at pinna pair nodes and internodes.
|[[Acacia mearnsii|Acacia mearnsii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves phyllodic.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Phyllodes 5–30 mm.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stipular spines present.
|[[Acacia paradoxa|Acacia paradoxa]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stipular spines absent.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Phyllodes inequilateral, ± triangular, 5–15 mm wide, alternate.
|[[Acacia cultriformis|Acacia cultriformis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Phyllodes acicular, linear, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, fascicled or whorled.
|[[Acacia verticillata|Acacia verticillata]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Phyllodes (20–)30–250 mm.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllodes with pinnate venation.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pulvinus 4–8 mm; phyllodes 10–35 mm wide.
|[[Acacia pycnantha|Acacia pycnantha]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pulvinus 1–3.5 mm; phyllodes 3–14(–25) mm wide.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Globose heads 5–7 diam.; phyllode gland not obvious, not disciform.
|[[Acacia retinodes|Acacia retinodes]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Globose heads 8–12 mm diam.; phyllode gland obvious, disciform.
|[[Acacia saligna|Acacia saligna]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Phyllodes with parallel venation.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Inflorescences cylindrical spikes.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Phyllodes falcate; flowers 5-merous.
|[[Acacia auriculiformis|Acacia auriculiformis]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Phyllodes not falcate; flowers 4-merous.
|[[Acacia longifolia|Acacia longifolia]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Inflorescences globose heads.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Twigs fragrant (vanilla-scented) when crushed, resin-ribbed.
|[[Acacia redolens|Acacia redolens]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Twigs not fragrant when crushed, not resinous.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Inflorescences pseudoracemes of 2 heads; minor phyllode veins weakly reticulate.
|[[Acacia cyclops|Acacia cyclops]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Inflorescences pseudoracemes of 2–8 heads; minor phyllode veins prominently reticulate.
|[[Acacia melanoxylon|Acacia melanoxylon]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Acacia
|author=John E. Ebinger;David S. Seigler
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fabaceae
|distribution=Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands (Kei Islands;New Guinea);Australia;introduced also in South America;introduced elsewhere in tropical and subtropical regions.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/master/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V11/V11_202.xml
|subfamily=Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideaemimosoidclade
|genus=Acacia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideaemimosoidclade]]