View source for Mimulus ← Mimulus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Mimulus |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=2: 634. 1753 |year=1753 }} |common_names=Monkeyflower |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Phrymaceae;Mimulus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Phrymaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mimulus]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin mimulus, diminutive of mimus, comic or mimic actor, alluding to monkey-faced corolla of some species |volume=Volume 17 |mention_page=page 5, 6, 363, 367, 371, 372, 373, 427 |treatment_page=page 366 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, terrestrial or semi-aquatic. <b>Stems</b> ascending to erect, 4-angled, winged, sometimes narrowly, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, opposite; petiole present or absent; blade sometimes semi-fleshy, margins dentate to subentire, venation brochidodromous. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, flowers solitary at medial to distal nodes; bracts absent. <b>Pedicels</b> present, shorter or longer than calyces; bracteoles absent. <b>Flowers</b> mostly erect, not strongly reflexed and appressed in fruit; sepals 5, calyx bilaterally symmetric, tubular, tube midveins wing-angled, lobes deltate to triangular; petals deciduous, 5, corolla blue to violet, purplish, or light pink, rarely white [yellow in M. bracteosus], bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate, dorsoventrally compressed, abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, adnate to middle of corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma bilamellate. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, apex rounded to truncate, wall smooth, eglandular, dehiscence loculicidal. <b>Seeds</b> 500–1000, brown, narrowly ellipsoid, flattened, wings absent. <b>x</b> = 8, 11.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;s;se Asia (se China;India;Indochina);s Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Australia;introduced in w Europe. |discussion=<p>Species 8 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>A strictly defined Mimulus is sister to the radiation of Phrymaceae that has occurred primarily in Australia (P. M. Beardsley and R. G. Olmstead 2002; Beardsley et al. 2004; Beardsley and W. R. Barker 2005; Barker et al. 2012). In addition to those in North America, six Mimulus species are natives of the Eastern and Southern hemispheres; these include M. aquatilis A. R. Bean (northeastern Australia), M. bracteosus P. C. Tsoong (southeastern China), M. gracilis R. Brown (Australia), M. madagascariensis Bentham (Madagascar), M. orbicularis Wallich ex Bentham (mainland Southeast Asia), and M. strictus Bentham (Africa, India). Only M. gracilis and M. ringens have been subject to molecular analysis, but morphological similarities among these species indicate that they are monophyletic (Barker et al.).</p><!-- --><p>The clade including strictly defined Mimulus is sister to the essentially western American monkeyflower species, which are treated here within separate genera. These can be divided into two groups: those with axile placentation and with long pedicels (Erythranthe) versus those with parietal placentation and short pedicels (Diplacus and Mimetanthe). Molecular data confirm that Erythranthe and Diplacus/Mimetanthe are in separate lineages and are not the closest relative of each other. Closest to Diplacus and Mimetanthe is the Mexican-Central American Hemichaena Bentham, also with parietal placentation. Closest to Erythranthe is the monospecific Leucocarpus D. Don of Central America to northern South America, which has axile placentation.</p><!-- --><p>Mimulus alatus and M. ringens maintain strongly distinct morphologies over a broad region of sympatry, but the two have been reported to hybridize naturally along the Patapsco River in Maryland (D. R. Windler et al. 1976). In a mixed population, about 40 percent of the individuals apparently were F1 hybrids; consistently high pollen stainability of the parental plants suggests that backcrossing was not occurring. The two species differ in chromosome number (M. alatus, 2n = 22; M. ringens, 2n = 16, 24), but chromosome numbers were not determined in this study.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=beardsley2004a |text=Beardsley, P. M. et al. 2004. Patterns of evolution in western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 91: 474–489. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=grant1924a |text=Grant, A. L. 1924. A monograph of the genus Mimulus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 11: 99–388. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaves sessile; blade bases auriculate-clasping or subclasping; stems not or narrowly winged; fruiting pedicels 10–17 mm or 20–45(–60) mm, longer than calyces. |[[Mimulus ringens|Mimulus ringens]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaves petiolate; blade bases rounded to cuneate; stems narrowly winged; fruiting pedicels 5–14(–30) mm, shorter than calyces. |[[Mimulus alatus|Mimulus alatus]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Mimulus |author=Guy L. Nesom |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Phrymaceae |distribution=North America;s;se Asia (se China;India;Indochina);s Africa;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Australia;introduced in w Europe. |reference=beardsley2004a;grant1924a |publication title=Sp. Pl. |publication year=1753 |special status= |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_1262.xml |genus=Mimulus }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Phrymaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Phrymaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Mimulus.