View source for Marsilea quadrifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Marsilea quadrifolia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1099. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Marsileaceae;Marsilea;Marsilea quadrifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Marsileaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Marsilea]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Marsilea quadrifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 332
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="clone density"><b>Plants </b>forming diffuse clones.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root orientation;node count"><b>Roots </b>arising at nodes and 1–3 on internodes.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole some measurement;petiole pubescence;petiole pubescence;petiole pubescence"><b>Petioles </b>5.4–16.5 cm, sparsely pubescent to glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="pinna length;pinna width;pinna pubescence;pinna pubescence;pinna pubescence"><b>Pinnae </b>7–21 × 6–19 mm, sparsely pubescent to glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="sporocarp stalk orientation;sporocarp stalk architecture;sporocarp stalk fixation;sporocarp stalk some measurement"><b>Sporocarp </b>stalks ascending, frequently branched, attached 1–12 mm above base of petiole;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="stalk architecture;stalk some measurement;ultimate branch architecture;ultimate branch some measurement">unbranched stalks or ultimate branches of stalks 3–16 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="trunk count;trunk some measurement;stalk architecture">common trunk of branched stalks 1–4 mm (rarely 2–3 unbranched stalks attached separately to same petiole).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="sporocarp orientation;sporocarp orientation;sporocarp orientation;sporocarp thickness;sporocarp thickness;sporocarp shape;sporocarp shape;sporocarp shape;sporocarp shape;sporocarp shape;sporocarp pubescence;sporocarp pubescence"><b>Sporocarps </b>perpendicular to ascending, 4–5.6 × 3–4 mm, 2.3–2.8 mm thick, rounded, oval, or elliptic in lateral view, pubescent but soon glabrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="raphe some measurement;proximal tooth count;distal tooth count;distal tooth count">raphe 1.4–1.9 mm, proximal tooth usually absent, distal tooth absent or 0.1–0.2 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sorus count"><b>Sori </b>10–17.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=On mud and in shallow water.
|distribution=Ont.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;se Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p>Marsilea quadrifolia was introduced in Connecticut about 1860. Many of the localities from which it is known at present are artificial bodies of water. This may indicate intentional introduction of the plant as a curiosity.</p><!--
--><p>Because its leaves are glabrous to essentially glabrous, Marsilea quadrifolia is unlikely to be confused with any other Marsilea in the flora. Likewise, the petioles of the land leaves in this species tend to be procumbent rather than stiffly erect as in the others. The branched sporocarp stalks found in M. quadrifolia are found elsewhere only in M. macropoda; the latter, however, is a hairy plant and has no distal tooth on the very large sporocarp.</p><!--
--><p>Marsilea minuta Linnaeus, a widespread species in the paleotropics, has recently been collected from the Florida Panhandle. It resembles M. quadrifolia in having roots both at the nodes and on the internodes and in having relatively glabrous land leaves, but it has sporocarps that are only 1.3–1.7 mm thick, with a distal tooth 0.3–0.6 mm long. Marsilea minuta also has a tendency for the terminal margins of the land leaves to be crenate rather than entire.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Marsilea quadrifolia
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Marsileaceae
|habitat=On mud and in shallow water.
|distribution=Ont.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Mo.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;se Europe;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_165.xml
|genus=Marsilea
|species=Marsilea quadrifolia
|clone density=diffuse
|distal tooth count=0.1-0.2 mm;absent
|node count=1;3
|petiole pubescence=sparsely pubescent;glabrous
|petiole some measurement=5.4cm;16.5cm
|pinna length=7mm;21mm
|pinna pubescence=sparsely pubescent;glabrous
|pinna width=6mm;19mm
|proximal tooth count=absent
|raphe some measurement=1.4mm;1.9mm
|root orientation=arising
|sorus count=10;17
|sporocarp orientation=perpendicular;ascending
|sporocarp pubescence=glabrate;pubescent
|sporocarp shape=elliptic;oval;elliptic;oval;rounded
|sporocarp stalk architecture=branched
|sporocarp stalk fixation=attached
|sporocarp stalk orientation=ascending
|sporocarp stalk some measurement=1mm;12mm
|sporocarp thickness=2.3mm;2.8mm
|stalk architecture=branched;unbranched
|stalk some measurement=3mm;16mm
|trunk count=common
|trunk some measurement=1mm;4mm
|ultimate branch architecture=unbranched
|ultimate branch some measurement=3mm;16mm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Marsilea]]