View source for Zizania ← Zizania You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Zizania |accepted_authority=L. |publications= |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae;Poaceae tribe Oryzeae;Zizania |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Zizania]]</div></div> |volume=Volume 24 |mention_page= |treatment_page=page 47 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial; aquatic, usually rooted in the substrate; sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous; monoecious. <b>Culms</b> to 5 m, erect and emergent or floating. <b>Leaves</b> concentrated on the lower portion of the stem or evenly distributed; sheaths open, not inflated; ligules membranous or scarious, glabrous; pseudopetioles absent; blades flat, aerial or floating, scabrous or smooth. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal panicles; branches usually unisexual, lower branches staminate, upper branches pistillate, middle branches sometimes with staminate and pistillate spikelets intermixed; pedicel apices cupulate; disarticulation beneath the spikelets, in cultivated strains disarticulation delayed, the spikelets tending not to shatter until harvested. <b>Spikelets</b> unisexual, with 1 floret. <b>Glumes</b> absent; calluses inconspicuous; lemmas 5-veined; paleas 3-veined; lodicules 2, membranous. <b>Staminate</b> spikelets pendant, terete or appearing so; lemmas membranous; paleas membranous, loosely enclosing the stamens; anthers 6. <b>Pistillate</b> spikelets terete; lemmas chartaceous or coriaceous, margins involute and clasping the margins of the paleas, apices acute to acuminate, sometimes awned, awns terminal, slender, scabridulous; styles 2, bases not fused, stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. <b>Caryopses</b> cylindrical; embryos linear, often as long as the caryopses; hila linear, x = 15.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;Wis.;Ariz.;Idaho;Minn.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Ohio;S.Dak.;W.Va.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Tex.;La.;Iowa;Kans.;Pa.;Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Md.;Mo.;Miss.;N.C.;S.C.;D.C;Va.;Colo.;Calif.;Ind.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. And Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Mich.;Mont.;Oreg.;Tenn.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ky. |discussion=<p>Zizania includes three North American and one eastern Asian species. Zizania aquatica and Z. palustris are important constituents of aquatic plant communities in North America, providing food and shelter for numerous animal species. Zizania palustris is also an important food source for humans. Zizania texana is federally listed as an endangered species in the United States. Zizania latifolia, an Asian species, is available through horticultural outlets despite its potential for harboring a fungus that would devastate the native species (for additional information, see the comment following the species description).</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=aiken1988a |text=Aiken, S.G., P.F. Lee, D. Punter, and J.M. Stewart. 1988. Wild Rice in Canada. Agriculture Canada Publication 1830. NC Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 130 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=dore1969a |text=Dore, W.G. 1969. Wild Rice. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication No. 1393. Information Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 84 pp. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=duvall1988a |text=Duvall, M.R. and D.D. Biesboer. 1988. Nonreciprocal hybridization failure in crosses between annual wild-rice species (Zizania palustris x Z. aquatica: Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 13:229-234 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=liu2006b |text=Liu, L. and S.M. Phillips. 2006. Zizania. Pp. 187-188 in Z.-Y. Wu, P.H. Raven, and D.-Y. Hong (eds.). Flora of China, vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. 653 pp. http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume22/index.htm/ }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=terrell1978a |text=Terrell, E.E., W.H.P. Emery, and H.E. Beaty. 1978. Observations on Zizania texana (Texas wildrice), an endangered species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105:50-57 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=terrell1982a |text=Terrell, E.E. and L.R. Batra. 1982. Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta, a grass-fungus association. Econ. Bot. 36:274-285 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=terrell1997a |text=Terrell, E.E., P.M. Peterson, J.L. Reveal, and M.R. Duvall. 1997. Taxonomy of North American species of Zizania (Poaceae). Sida 17:533-549 }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=walkato2002a |text=Environment Walkato. 2002-2007. Regional Pest Management Strategy. Walkato Regional Council, Hamilton East, New Zealand, http://www.ew.govt.nz/policyandplans/rpmsintro/rpms2002/operative5.2.7.htm/ }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=warwick1986a |text=Warwick, S.I. and S.G. Aiken. 1986. Electrophoretic evidence for the recognition of two species in annual wild rice (Zizania, Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 11:464-473. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Culms decumbent, completely immersed or the upper parts of the culm emergent; known only from the San Marcos River in Hays County, Texas |[[Zizania texana|Zizania texana]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Culms usually erect at maturity, rarely completely immersed; plants not known from Texas. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants rhizomatous, perennial; middle branches of the panicles with both staminate and pistillate spikelets, other branches with either staminate or pistillate spikelets; plants cultivated as ornamentals |[[Zizania latifolia|Zizania latifolia]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants without rhizomes, annual; all panicle branches unisexual, with either staminate or pistillate spikelets; plants native and widespread, also cultivated for grain. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Lemmas of the pistillate spikelets flexible and chartaceous, dull or sublustrous, bearing short, scattered hairs, these not or only slightly more dense towards the apices; aborted pistillate spikelets 0.4-1 mm wide; pistillate inflorescence branches usually divaricate at maturity |[[Zizania aquatic|Zizania aquatic]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Lemmas of the pistillate spikelets stiff and coriaceous or indurate, lustrous, glabrous or with lines of short hairs, the apices more densely hairy; aborted pistillate spikelets 0.6-2.6 mm wide; pistillate inflorescence branches usually appressed at maturity, or with 1 to few, somewhat spreading branches |[[Zizania palustris|Zizania palustris]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Zizania |author=Edward E. Terrell; |authority=L. |rank=genus |parent rank=tribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Poaceae |distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Del.;Wis.;Ariz.;Idaho;Minn.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Ohio;S.Dak.;W.Va.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Tex.;La.;Iowa;Kans.;Pa.;Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Md.;Mo.;Miss.;N.C.;S.C.;D.C;Va.;Colo.;Calif.;Ind.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. And Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Mich.;Mont.;Oreg.;Tenn.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ky. |reference=aiken1988a;dore1969a;duvall1988a;liu2006b;terrell1978a;terrell1982a;terrell1997a;walkato2002a;warwick1986a |publication title= |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_48.xml |subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae |tribe=Poaceae tribe Oryzeae |genus=Zizania }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Poaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Zizania.