View source for Cladium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cladium
|accepted_authority=P. Browne
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica,
|place=114. 1756
|year=1756
}}
|common_names=Twig-rush;sawgrass;marisque
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Mariscus
|authority=Scopoli
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cladium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cladium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek clados, branch, referring to the highly branched inflorescences
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 8, 199, 241
|treatment_page=page 240
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, cespitose or not, rhizomatous or stoloniferous. <b>Culms</b> solitary or not, terete or rounded-trigonous, usually 70+ cm. <b>Leaves</b> cauline; ligules absent; blades flat to involute. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or some lateral, corymbose or subcapitate, conspicuously branched; spikelets 100–1000+; involucral bracts 3–4+, spreading, leaflike. <b>Spikelets</b>: scales 5–6, spirally arranged, proximal 1–3 scales empty, distal 3–4 scales each subtending flower. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual or staminate; perianth absent; stamens 2–3; styles linear, 3-fid, base persistent, somewhat thickened. <b>Achenes</b> terete. <b>x</b> = 20.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;and Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cladium is here accepted in the strict sense, i.e., consisting of four species: C. mariscus, of the Old World, and three species treated below. The genus had been treated in a broader sense, including Machaerina Vahl (G. Kükenthal 1942). Later studies (cited by G. C. Tucker 1987) argue against such a broad circumscription of the genus. Machaerina was excluded by M. T. Strong (1997). Species of Cladium consistently differ from those of Machaerina in their smaller, less differentiated embryos and anisobilateral leaves with inverted bundles (illustrated by C. R. Metcalfe).</p><!--
--><p>According to G. Kükenthal (1942), Cladium mariscus comprised three subspecies: C. mariscus subsp. mariscus of Europe and Asia; C. mariscus subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kükenthal of the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and Hawaii; and C. mariscus subsp. intermedium Kükenthal of Australia. He synonymized C. californicum under C. mariscus subsp. jamaicense. Most American authors have treated C. jamaicense as distinct from the Eastern Hemisphere C. mariscus, a view followed here with some trepidation. Resolution of this taxonomic problem is well beyond the scope of this flora. The culms and leaves of Cladium mariscus are gathered and used in the manufacture of paper products in the Danube Delta, Romania.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=kukenthal1942a
|text=Kükenthal, G. 1942. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae. XI. 10. Cladium Crantz [sic]. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 1–17, 139–193.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mcvaugh1993a
|text=McVaugh, R. 1993. Cladium. In: R. Vaugh and W. R. Anderson, eds. 1974+. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico. 8+ vols. Ann Arbor. Vol. 13, pp. 267–270.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=raynal1972a
|text=Raynal, J. 1972. Notes cypérologiques: 17. Révision des Cladium P. Browne s. lat. (Cyperaceae) de Madagascar et des Mascareignes. Adansonia, n. s. 12: 103–112.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Culms 0.3–1 m × 1–2 mm; leaves 2–3 mm wide, conduplicate to subinvolute, margins ± smooth; inflorescences 15–25 cm, with 1st and 2d order branches only.
|[[Cladium mariscoides|Cladium mariscoides]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Culms 1–3 m × 5–10 mm; leaves 5–20 mm wide, flat to broadly V-shaped, margins harshly scabrid; inflorescences 30–50 cm, with 3d and 4th order branches.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets mostly in groups of 2–3(–6); inflorescences with 3d and 4th order branches; culms 1–3 m, coastal se United States.
|[[Cladium jamaicense|Cladium jamaicense]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets mostly in groups of 3–6; inflorescences rarely with 4th order branches; culms 1–2 m; sw United States.
|[[Cladium californicum|Cladium californicum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cladium
|author=Gordon C. Tucker
|authority=P. Browne
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Mariscus
|family=Cyperaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;and Australia.
|reference=kukenthal1942a;mcvaugh1993a;raynal1972a
|publication title=Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica,
|publication year=1756
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_430.xml
|genus=Cladium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperaceae]]