View source for Coreopsis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Coreopsis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 907. 1753
|year=1753
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 388. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae;Coreopsis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Coreopsis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek korios, bedbug, and -opsis, resembling, alluding to cypselae of original species
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 51, 184
|treatment_page=page 185
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–80(–200+) cm (often rhizomatous or with cormiform bases, stoloniferous in C. auriculata). <b>Stems</b> usually 1, erect, branched distally or ± throughout. <b>Leaves</b> basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; opposite or alternate or both; petiolate or sessile; blades simple and entire (dentate in C. latifolia), or ± pinnately or pedately lobed, faces glabrous or hairy. <b>Heads</b> radiate, borne singly or in open, ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Calyculi</b> of (3–)8+, distinct, ± herbaceous bractlets. <b>Involucres</b> ± globose to cylindric, 4–25+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually ± 8 in ± 2 series (usually distinct, rarely connate ± 1/10 their lengths, mostly oblong to linear, ± membranous, margins ± scarious). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to convex, paleate; paleae falling, ovate to linear or subulate, ± flat, ± scarious (not adnate to and not falling with cypselae except in C. bigelovii). <b>Ray</b> florets mostly (5–)8(–12+, more in “double” cultivars), neuter, or styliferous and sterile, or pistillate and fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes red-brown to purple proximally, sometimes wholly purple or pink to white. <b>Disc</b> florets 8–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes red-brown to purple at tips or throughout, tubes equaling or shorter than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 4 or 5 (adaxial sinus seldom deeper than others). <b>Cypselae</b> obcompressed, ± orbiculate to ovate, oblong, or linear, usually thin-margined or winged, wings membranous to chartaceous or corky, entire or lobed to toothed, sometimes ciliolate; faces smooth or ± papillate to tuberculate; pappi 0, or persistent, of 2 bristly cusps or scales (sometimes pappi 0 and shoulders of cypsela wings ± bristly, pappus-like). <b>x</b> = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly temperate North America;also tropical New World and Old World. Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (28 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants. In such plants, early (proximal) leaves may be 1–3-pinnately or pedately lobed and 12–25+ cm long with 9–15+ orbiculate to lanceolate, linear, or filiform lobes and contrast markedly with later (distal) leaves 1–3 cm that are undivided or have 3–5+ lanceolate to linear or filiform lobes.</p><!--
--><p>Cultivars (often “doubles” with multiple series of “ray” florets) derived from Coreopsis auriculata, C. grandiflora, C. lanceolata, and C. tinctoria are grown in public and residential gardens and are grown commercially for cut flowers.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=jansen1987a
|text=Jansen, R. K., E. B. Smith, and D. J. Crawford. 1987. A cladistic study of North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 157: 73–84.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1976b
|text=Smith, E. B. 1976. A biosystematic survey of Coreopsis in eastern United States and Canada. Sida 6: 123–215.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=smith1984a
|text=Smith, E. B. 1984. Biosystematic study and typification of the Californian Coreopsis (Compositae) sections Tuckermannia, Pugiopappus, and Euleptosyne. Sida 10: 276–289.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray florets usually pistillate and fertile, sometimes styliferous and sterile
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ray florets neuter (without styles)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; ray laminae ± elliptic to oblong, broadest at or near middles
|[[Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia|Coreopsis sect. Tuckermannia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Annuals; ray laminae obovate to ± flabellate, broadest distal to middles
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae of disc florets ciliolate; pappi of 2 lanceolate to subulate scales
|[[Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus|Coreopsis sect. Pugiopappus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Cypselae of disc florets not ciliolate; pappi 0 or coroniform (0.1–0.2 mm)
|[[Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne|Coreopsis sect. Leptosyne]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades usually not lobed, rarely with 1–2 auricles at bases (margins dentate); rayflorets 4–5; disc florets 10–15+
|[[Coreopsis sect. Silphidium|Coreopsis sect. Silphidium]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades sometimes lobed (ultimate margins not dentate); ray florets (5–)8(–13; more in "double" cultivars); disc florets 30–150+
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Disc corolla lobes 5; style-branch apices usually ± penicillate, sometimes short-conic or truncate-mucronate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Disc corolla lobes 4; style-branch apices ± truncate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray laminae ± oblong-elliptic to suborbiculate, broadest at or near middles; paleae usually linear to subulate, often distally dilated
|[[Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum|Coreopsis sect. Gyrophyllum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Ray laminae ± cuneate, broadest distal to middles; paleae basally ± lanceolate to linear, distally attenuate (± filiform)
|[[Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis|Coreopsis sect. Coreopsis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades sometimes with 1–2 lateral lobes; cypselae sometimes winged, wings ± pectinate or toothed
|[[Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis|Coreopsis sect. Eublepharis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades usually 1–2(–3)-pinnately lobed; cypselae sometimes winged, wingsentire
|[[Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis|Coreopsis sect. Calliopsis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Coreopsis
|author=John L. Strother
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly temperate North America;also tropical New World and Old World. Early leaves of some coreopsises often differ from later leaves on individual plants.
|reference=jansen1987a;smith1976b;smith1984a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_451.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae
|genus=Coreopsis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Coreopsidinae]]