View source for Oenothera flava

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Oenothera flava
|accepted_authority=(A. Nelson) Garrett
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Spring Fl. Wasatch ed.
|place=4, 106. 1927
|year=1927
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Lavauxiaflava a.
|authority=Nelson
|rank=species
|publication_title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication_place=31: 243.  1904
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=L. palustris
|authority=Rose
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=L. taraxacoides
|authority=Wooton & Standley
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Oenothera flava subsp. taraxacoides
|authority=(Wooton & Standley) W. L. Wagner
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=O. murdockii
|authority=S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=O. taraxacoides
|authority=(Wooton & Standley) Munz
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=O. triloba var. ecristata
|authority=M. E. Jones
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Onagraceae;Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae;Onagraceae tribe Onagreae;Oenothera;Oenothera sect. Lavauxia;Oenothera subsect. Lavauxia;Oenothera flava
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Onagraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Onagraceae tribe Onagreae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Oenothera]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Oenothera sect. Lavauxia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subsection</small>[[Oenothera subsect. Lavauxia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Oenothera flava]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 10
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs </b>perennial, rarely short-lived, acaulescent or very short-caulescent, glabrate to moderately strigillose, usually also glandular puberulent, sometimes sparsely hirsute distally; from a taproot. <b>Stems</b> (when present) ascending, 1–several, usually densely leafy, 0–2 cm. <b>Leaves</b> primarily in a basal rosette, (3.4–)6–30(–36) × (0.5–)1.5–5(–7) cm, flexible, sometimes ± fleshy; petiole (0.2–)2–7(–10) cm; blade oblanceolate to linear, margins usually irregularly and coarsely pinnately lobed, rarely subentire, apex acute. <b>Flowers</b> 1–4 opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips (1–)2–10(–12) mm; floral tube (24–)40–200(–265) mm; sepals (8–)11–40(–42) mm; petals bright yellow, sometimes paler (in smaller-flowered plants), fading pale orange, drying purple, (7–)10–45(–50) mm; filaments (5–)8–23(–26) mm, anthers (2–)3–13(–16) mm; style (40–)50–250(–290) mm, stigma exserted beyond or surrounded by ring of anthers. <b>Capsules</b> leathery in age, surface usually conspicuously reticulate, usually narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid or lanceoloid, winged, wings narrowly oblong, (2–)3–5(–6) mm wide, confined to distal 2/3 of capsule, (10–)20–35(–43) × 4–8 mm (excluding wings), gradually constricted to a short beak, dehiscent 1/4–1/2 their length, valve surface usually conspicuously reticulate; sessile. <b>Seeds</b> asymmetrically cuneiform, 1.8–2.2(–2.6) mm.2n = 14.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Aug(–Oct).
|habitat=Local and colonial, sometimes abundant in wet (at least seasonally moist) clay to gravelly sand of swales, desiccating flats and ponds, montane meadows, margins of permanent or seasonal watercourses, open sites.
|elevation=300–3200 m.
|distribution=Alta.;Man.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Durango;Guanajuato;Hidalgo;Jalisco;Sonora).
|discussion=<p>Petals in Oenothera flava typically range from 7–32 mm with floral tubes 24–100 mm; however, plants from three disjunct areas: the Mogollon Plateau in Arizona to Catron County, New Mexico; Sacramento Mountains and Sierra Blanca, Lincoln and Otero counties, New Mexico; and the Sierra Madre Occidental from northern Chihuahua south to Durango, have much larger petals (30–55 mm) and longer floral tubes (80–265 mm). They were originally recognized as a distinct species or most recently as a subspecies (O. flava subsp. taraxacoides), but detailed study of the variation pattern suggests that the larger flowers occur in areas of high hawkmoth species diversity and higher rates of outcrossing, similar to the pattern discussed in detail by D. P. Gregory (1963, 1964). R. A. Raguso et al. (2007) and H. E. Summers et al. (2015) came to the same conclusion in an independent study of floral biology of sect. Lavauxia. Because populations from the three disjunct areas appear to have diverged independently from lower-elevation source populations, it seems best to treat the complex as one variable species without any formal subdivision.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Oenothera flava
|authority=(A. Nelson) Garrett
|rank=species
|parent rank=subsection
|synonyms=L. palustris;L. taraxacoides;Oenothera flava subsp. taraxacoides;O. murdockii;O. taraxacoides;O. triloba var. ecristata
|basionyms=Lavauxiaflava a.
|family=Onagraceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Aug(–Oct).
|habitat=Local and colonial, sometimes abundant in wet (at least seasonally moist) clay to gravelly sand of swales, desiccating flats and ponds, montane meadows, margins of permanent or seasonal watercourses, open sites.
|elevation=300–3200 m.
|distribution=Alta.;Man.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Durango;Guanajuato;Hidalgo;Jalisco;Sonora).
|reference=None
|publication title=Spring Fl. Wasatch ed.
|publication year=1927
|special status=
|source xml=https://xjsachs2@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/e39f0e846f172941159b2045254d62d10d9823f6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V10/V10_42.xml
|subfamily=Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae
|tribe=Onagraceae tribe Onagreae
|genus=Oenothera
|section=Oenothera sect. Lavauxia
|subsection=Oenothera subsect. Lavauxia
|species=Oenothera flava
}}<!--

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