View source for Juniperus communis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Juniperus communis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1040. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Common juniper;genévrier commun
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cupressaceae;Juniperus;Juniperus sect. Juniperus;Juniperus communis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cupressaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Juniperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Juniperus sect. Juniperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Juniperus communis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees dioecious, to 4 m (if trees, to 10 m), multistemmed, decumbent or rarely upright; crown generally depressed. <b>Bark</b> brown, fibrous, exfoliating in thin strips, that of small branchlets (5–10 mm diam.) smooth, that of larger branchlets exfoliating in strips and plates. <b>Branches</b> spreading or ascending; branchlets erect, terete. <b>Leaves</b> green but sometimes appearing silver when glaucous, spreading, abaxial glands very elongate; adaxial surface with glaucous stomatal band; apex acute to obtuse, mucronate. <b>Seed</b> cones maturing in 2 years, of 2 distinct sizes, with straight peduncles, globose to ovoid, 6–13 mm, bluish black, glaucous, resinous to obscurely woody, with 2–3 seeds. <b>Seeds</b> 4–5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nev.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p><i>Juniperus communis</i> is the most widespread juniper species, and many subspecies and varieties have been described. A major study, including chemical characters, is needed to clarify the taxonomy. J. D. A. Franco (1962) recognized four subspecies (here considered varieties); two of these—<i></i>var.<i> communis</i> and var. hemisphaerica (J. Presl & C. Presl) Parlatore—do not occur in the flora and a fifth, recognized here, was not treated by Franco.</p><!--
--><p>The seed cones of <i>Juniperus communis</i> are used to flavor gin.</p><!--
--><p>Varieties 5 (3 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Seed cones 9–13 mm, longer than leaves.
|[[Juniperus communis var. megistocarpa|Juniperus communis var. megistocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Seed cones 6–9 mm, shorter than leaves.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Glaucous stomatal band on adaxial leaf surface 2 or more times as wide as each green marginal band; spreading to matlike shrubs; leaves linear-lanceolate, to 2 mm wide, apex acute to obtuse and mucronate.
|[[Juniperus communis var. montana|Juniperus communis var. montana]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Glaucous stomatal band on adaxial leaf surface about as wide as each green marginal band; prostrate, low shrubs with ascending branchlet tips (occasionally spreading shrubs, rarely small trees); leaves linear, to 1.6 mm wide, apex acute and mucronate to acuminate.
|[[Juniperus communis var. depressa|Juniperus communis var. depressa]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Juniperus communis
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cupressaceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nev.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_224.xml
|genus=Juniperus
|section=Juniperus sect. Juniperus
|species=Juniperus communis
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Juniperus sect. Juniperus]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]