View source for Phragmites

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phragmites
|accepted_authority=Adans.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae;Poaceae tribe Arundineae;Phragmites
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Arundineae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phragmites]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 10
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial; rhizomatous or stoloniferous, often forming dense stands. <b>Culms</b> 1-4 m tall, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, leafy; internodes hollow. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, mostly glabrous; sheaths open; ligules membranous, ciliate; blades flat or folded. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, plumose panicles. <b>Spikelets</b> with 2-8 florets, weakly laterally compressed, lower 1-2 florets staminate, distal 1-2 florets rudimen¬tary, remaining florets bisexual; rachilla segments sericeous; disarticulation above the glumes and below the florets. <b>Glumes</b> unequal, shorter than the florets, 1-3-veined, glabrous; lower glumes much shorter than the upper glumes; calluses pilose, hairs 6-12 mm; lemmas 3-veined, glabrous, unawned; anthers 1-3. <b>Caryopses</b> rarely maturing, x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.H.;N.Mex.;Ind.;La.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;N.C.;Nebr.;Tenn.;Pa.;R.I.;Nev.;Mass.;Maine;Vt.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Miss.;Calif.;Ala.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mich.;Ohio;Minn.;Mont.;Oreg.;S.C.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Phragmites</i> is interpreted here as a monotypic genus that has a worldwide distribution. Some taxonomists (e.g., Clayton 1970; Koyama 1987; Scholz and Bohling 2000) recognize 3-4 segregate species. Recent work has identified two different genotypes in North America (Saltonstall 2002) that preliminary data suggest may be morphologicaly distinct (see http://www.invasiveplants.net/). How these genotypes relate to the various segregate species that have been recognized is not yet known.</p><!--
--><p>Plants of <i>Phragmites</i> are similar in overall appearance to <i>Arundo</i>, but the latter has subequal glumes, a glabrous rachilla, and hairy lemmas. Vegetatively, plants of <i>Arundo</i>, but not those of <i>Phragmites</i>, have a wedge-shaped, light to dark brown area at the base of the blades. They also tend to have thicker rhizomes, thicker and taller culms, and wider leaves than <i>Phragmites</i>, but there is some overlap. <i>Phragmites</i> is much more widely distributed than <i>Arundo</i> in North America.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=clayton1967a
|text=Clayton, W.D. 1967. Studies in the Gramineae. XIV. Kew Bull. 21:111-117
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=clayton1970a
|text=Clayton, W.D. 1970. Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae (Part 1). Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, England. 176 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hocking1983a
|text=Hocking, EC, CM. Finlayson, and A.J. Chick. 1983. The biology of Australian weeds. 12. Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud. J. Austral. Inst. Agric. Sci. 49:123-132
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=koyama1987a
|text=Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and Its Neighboring Regions: An Identification Manual. Kodansha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. 370 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=saltonstall2002a
|text=Saltonstall, K. 2002. Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of the common reed, Phragmites australis, into North America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:2445-2449
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=scholz2000a
|text=Scholz, H. and N. Bohling. 2000. Phragmites frutescens (Gramineae) re-visited: The discovery of an overlooked, woody grass in Greece, especially Crete. Vrilldenowia 30:251-261.
}}
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phragmites
|author=Kelly W. Allred;
|authority=Adans.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;D.C;Wis.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Md.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.H.;N.Mex.;Ind.;La.;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;N.C.;Nebr.;Tenn.;Pa.;R.I.;Nev.;Mass.;Maine;Vt.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Miss.;Calif.;Ala.;Kans.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mich.;Ohio;Minn.;Mont.;Oreg.;S.C.;Tex.;Utah;Mo.;Ky.
|reference=clayton1967a;clayton1970a;hocking1983a;koyama1987a;saltonstall2002a;scholz2000a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_21.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Arundineae
|genus=Phragmites
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Arundineae]]