View source for Arabis pycnocarpa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Arabis pycnocarpa
|accepted_authority=M. Hopkins
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Rhodora
|place=39: 112, plate 458, figs. 1–3. 1937
|year=1937
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Arabis hirsuta subsp. pycnocarpa
|authority=(M. Hopkins) Hultén
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa
|authority=(M. Hopkins) Rollins
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae;Arabis;Arabis pycnocarpa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arabis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Arabis pycnocarpa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 258, 260, 261, 262
|treatment_page=page 259
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Biennials </b>or perennials; (caudex branched); usually densely hirsute (at least basally), rarely glabrescent, trichomes simple mixed with stalked or sessile, forked ones. <b>Stems</b> simple or several from base (rosette), erect, often branched distally, 1–8 dm, (pilose with trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked, or hirsute basally with trichomes simple and minutely stalked, forked, sometimes almost exclusively pubescent with forked submalpighiaceous trichomes). <b>Basal</b> leaves: petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not); blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (0.8–)1.5–8 cm × (5–)10–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or dentate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes sessile or stalked, simple or forked, and/or stellate. <b>Cauline</b> leaves (7–)10–45(–61), (overlapping or not); blade ovate to oblong or lanceolate, rarely linear, (1–)1.5–6(–8) cm × (1–)3–20(–25) mm, base subcordate or auriculate (auricles obtuse or subacute), margins dentate or entire, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces hirsute or adaxially glabrescent. <b>Racemes</b> often simple. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels erect to erect-ascending, (2–)3–8(–12) mm (glabrous or sparsely pubescent). <b>Flowers</b>: sepals oblong, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals white, linear-oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 3.5–5(–5.5) × 1–2(–2.5) mm, apex obtuse; filaments 2.5–4 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7–1 mm. <b>Fruits</b> erect to erect-ascending, (often appressed to rachis), torulose, (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm × 0.8–1(–1.2) mm; valves each with obscure or somewhat prominent midvein extending to the middle; ovules (54–)60–86 per ovary; style (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, (slender). <b>Seeds</b> narrowly winged throughout, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8–)1–1.5(–1.7) × 0.8–1.3 mm; wing to 0.2 mm wide distally.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nfld. and Labr.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Asia.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>M. Hopkins (1937) synthesized earlier works on <i>Arabis pycnocarpa</i> and concluded that it is different from the European <i>A. hirsuta</i>. Both R. C. Rollins (1941, 1993) and G. A. Mulligan (1996) considered the North American and European plants different varieties of <i>A. hirsuta</i>; Mulligan recognized <i></i>var.<i> hirsuta</i> in North America and Rollins did not. After examining thousands of specimens from Europe, Asia, and North America, I conclude that Hopkins was correct in treating the North American plants as a different species, <i>A. pycnocarpa</i>. The European <i>A. hirsuta</i> is a diploid (2n = 16) that has fruits 1.5–4 cm, stout styles 0.1–0.5 mm, prominent midvein extending the full length of the fruit valve, and 30–40(–44) ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit. By contrast, <i>A. pycnocarpa</i> is a tetraploid (2n = 32) that has fruits (3.5–)4–6(–6.5) cm, often slender styles (0.2–)0.5–1(–1.3) mm, obscure midvein hardly extending to the middle of the fruit valve, and ovules/seeds (54–)60–86 per ovary/fruit. Hopkins listed other differences in the number of cauline leaves and the development of seed wing, but these do not hold. Mulligan treated the perennial North American plants with minute styles as <i></i>var.<i> hirsuta</i> and the biennial ones with longer styles as <i></i>var.<i> pycnocarpa</i>. Habit and style length are not correlated at all, and one finds both biennials and perennials flowering in the same population.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems usually hirsute basally, rarely glabrescent, trichomes often simple, sometimes branched; basal leaf blades: surfaces with simple and stalked trichomes.
|[[Arabis pycnocarpa var. pycnocarpa|Arabis pycnocarpa var. pycnocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems pilose, trichomes appressed, malpighiaceous, or minutely stalked, forked; basal leaf blades: surfaces with sessile, forked, and/or stellatetrichomes.
|[[Arabis pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis|Arabis pycnocarpa var. adpressipilis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Arabis pycnocarpa
|authority=M. Hopkins
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Arabis hirsuta subsp. pycnocarpa;Arabis hirsuta var. pycnocarpa
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nfld. and Labr.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Rhodora
|publication year=1937
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_341.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Arabideae
|genus=Arabis
|species=Arabis pycnocarpa
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Arabis]]
[[Category:Revision Pending]]