View source for Rhodiola integrifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rhodiola integrifolia
|accepted_authority=Rafinesque
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Atlantic J.
|place=1: 146. 1832 ,
}}
|common_names=Western roseroot;king’s crown
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rhodiola rosea subsp. integrifolia
|authority=(Rafinesque) H. Hara
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rhodiola rosea var. integrifolia
|authority=(Rafinesque) Jepson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sedum integrifolium
|authority=(Linnaeus) Scopoli
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sedum rosea var. integrifolium
|authority=(Rafinesque) A. Berger
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tolmachevia integrifolia
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Crassulaceae;Rhodiola;Rhodiola integrifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Crassulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rhodiola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rhodiola integrifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 164, 166
|treatment_page=page 165
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>dioecious or polygamodioecious. <b>Rootstock</b> erect or spreading, to 1–5 cm diam. <b>Floral</b> stems deciduous, 3–50 × 0.1–0.7 cm. <b>Leaf</b> blades usually bright green, sometimes glaucous, elliptic to ovate or oblanceolate to linear, 0.5–5.5 × 0.2–1.5(–2) cm, margins entire or toothed, apex acute to obtuse. <b>Inflorescences</b> corymbose cymes, dense, to 250-flowered, to 8 cm diam. <b>Pedicels</b> ca. 2 mm. <b>Flowers</b> mostly unisexual, 4–5-merous; sepals lanceolate to ovate, 1.5–3 mm; petals mostly dark red, sometimes yellowish at base or yellow with apical 1/3 red, elliptic-oblong, 1.5–5 mm, shorter than stamens, in staminate flowers spreading, hooded, 1.3–1.7 mm wide, in pistillate erect. <b>Follicles</b> 4–9 mm, beaks spreading. <b>Seeds</b> winged, pyriform or oblanceoloid, 1.1–2.8 mm. <b>2n</b> = 36.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Yukon;Alaska;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Minn.;Mont.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;Asia.
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 3+ (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The plants treated here as <i>Rhodiola integrifolia</i> and <i>R. rosea</i> are part of a difficult polymorphic complex of arctic to cool-temperate North America and Eurasia and of high mountains southward. Some authors have included them all in <i>R. rosea</i> [or <i>Sedum</i> rosea (Linnaeus) Scopoli], often with subspecies or varieties; N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose (1905) earlier divided them into two to several species.</p><!--
--><p>For this complex C. H. Uhl (1952) cited six published chromosome counts from Greenland through Eurasia to Japan, all n = 11 or 2n = 22; he found the same numbers in seven collections from northeastern North America (all these <i>Rhodiola rosea</i> proper). From Eurasia, according to R. L. Taylor and G. A. Mulligan (1968), races with 2n = 16 and 33 also are known. On the other hand, for endemics in Minnesota and New York and for five plants from New Mexico and California, Uhl found n = 18 or 2n = 36, and Taylor and Mulligan likewise found 2n = 36 in plants of Moresby Island, British Columbia. With the support of five more counts, but with none for the large area of Oregon and Wyoming to the Bering Sea, R. T. Clausen (1975) separated the 36-chromosome plants as <i>Sedum</i> integrifolium. More counts of 2n = 36 have since appeared, including one from Sutwick Island, off the Alaska Peninsula (Á. Löve 1979).</p><!--
--><p>In middle North America, <i>Rhodiola integrifolia</i> and <i>R. rosea</i> are geographically distinct. The local endemic <i></i>subsp.<i> leedyi</i> of the former grows in Minnesota, midway between the western subspecies of <i>R. integrifolia</i> and the eastern <i>R. rosea</i>, and grows in New York state within 100 km of <i>R. rosea</i>. Otherwise, the ranges of the two species are over 2000 km apart in the south and nearly 3000 km in the north. <i>Rhodiola integrifolia</i> also is the prevailing plant in eastern Asia, where it has been named <i>Sedum</i> atropurpureum N. S. Turczaninow (E. Hultén 1941–1950, vol. 5), and <i>R. rosea</i> seems to extend (although not verified by chromosome counts) from eastern Asia to far-western Alaska, on the coast of the Bering Sea.</p><!--
--><p>Although saying that <i>Sedum</i> integrifolium differs from <i>S. rosea</i> in many ways besides the chromosome number, R. T. Clausen (1975) found few absolute distinctions. His best key characters were those used here, petal width of staminate flowers, largely supported by flower color. Although questions remain unanswered, it seems best for now to follow Clausen in keeping the two species for North America.</p><!--
--><p>Over its broad range, <i>Rhodiola integrifolia</i> is quite variable (e.g., see E. Hultén 1941–1950, vol. 5). R. T. Clausen (1975) noted that in some populations pistillate plants outnumber staminate; in others staminate may be six times as many as pistillate. He distinguished two outlying endemics as subspp. leedyi and neomexicana, also kept as subspecies here. He also proposed subsp. procer[a] for tall robust plants of Colorado, New Mexico, and (less typical) California, all within the range of <i></i>subsp.<i> integrifolia</i> and all with the same chromosome number. Some of his plants look remarkably different from the usual dwarf forms of <i></i>subsp.<i> integrifolia</i> that grow at the same high elevations. He did not include in subsp. procera (and apparently did not see alive) the tall plants often found inland in Alaska and northwestern Canada, which would be <i>Sedum</i> frigidum Rydberg according to Hultén. Thus the racial situation is much more complex than the naming of only two peripheral subspecies might suggest.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals mostly dark red throughout; stems 3-15(-50) cm; leaf blades ovate to elliptic or oblanceolate, 0.5-3(-5) × 0.2-1.5(-2) cm; seeds 1.4-2 mm; Alaska to Rocky Mountains.
|[[Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. integrifolia|Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. integrifolia]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals (red or) dark red or mostly yellow at base, yellow or red at apex; stems 15-45 cm; leaf blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 2-5.5 × 0.3-1.5 cm; seeds 1.1-2.8 mm; Minnesota, s New Mexico, New York
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades green, linear-oblanceolate, 0.3-0.7 cm wide; petals yellow with red tips and keel; seeds 1.1-1.9 mm; s New Mexico.
|[[Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. neomexicana|Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. neomexicana]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades blue-green, narrowly oblanceolate, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; petals dark red throughout or usually greenish yellow at base; seeds 2-2.8 mm; Minnesota, New York.
|[[Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. leedyi|Rhodiola integrifolia subsp. leedyi]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rhodiola integrifolia
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Rhodiola rosea subsp. integrifolia;Rhodiola rosea var. integrifolia;Sedum integrifolium;Sedum rosea var. integrifolium;Tolmachevia integrifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Crassulaceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Yukon;Alaska;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Minn.;Mont.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Atlantic J.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V8/V8_331.xml
|genus=Rhodiola
|species=Rhodiola integrifolia
}}<!--

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