View source for Viola brittoniana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola brittoniana
|accepted_authority=Pollard
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bot. Gaz.
|place=26: 332. 1898
|year=1898
}}
|common_names=Coast or coastal violet
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Viola atlantica
|authority=Britton
|rank=species
|publication_title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication_place=24: 92. 1897,
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. baxteri
|authority=House
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. brittoniana var. pectinata
|authority=(E. P. Bicknell) Alexander
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. pectinata
|authority=G. Don
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. pedatifida subsp. brittoniana
|authority=(Pollard) L. E. McKinney
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. pedatifida var. brittoniana
|authority=(Pollard) R. J. Little & L. E. McKinney
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola brittoniana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola brittoniana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 115, 120, 128
|treatment_page=page 125
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–30 cm; rhizome thick, fleshy. <b>Leaves</b> basal, 5–9, ascending to erect, 5–9-lobed; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex obtuse; petiole 3–16 cm, usually glabrous; mid-season blades incised or lobed throughout, earliest blades lobed (plants homophyllous), similar to mid-season blades, middle and lateral blade lobes differ in width and/or shape, middle lobes lanceolate or spatulate to narrowly obovate, lateral lobes lanceolate or spatulate to falcate (each sometimes with deltate to falcate appendages or teeth along margins), 1–7 × 2–8 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins entire, ciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely with a few strigose, hairs concentrated on veins. <b>Peduncles</b> 5–18 cm, usually glabrous. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 2–3 mm; petals light to soft reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–25 mm, sometimes bearded, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending to erect peduncles. <b>Capsules</b> ellipsoid, 10–15 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 54.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Alluvial woods, mesic forests on slopes near streams, wet fields, salt meadows
|elevation=0–100 m
|distribution=Conn.;Del.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Pa.;S.C.;Va.
|discussion=<p>Britton considered <i>Viola brittoniana</i> similar to <i>V. pedatifida</i>, apparently making him the first to recognize their affinity. Both are homophyllous and similar in other characters (L. E. McKinney 1992). McKinney recognized <i>V. brittoniana</i> as a variety of <i>V. pedatifida</i>. Additional evidence (N. L. Gil-Ad 1997; A. Haines 2011) suggests that these taxa are sufficiently distinct to continue recognition as separate species.</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola</i> pectinata has sharply dentate leaves and is closely related to <i>V. brittoniana</i>, usually occurring with it. N. L. Gil-Ad (1997) made a convincing argument to recognize it as a form; A. Haines (2011) recognized it as a species. Others have considered it to be a sporadic form that may be of hybrid origin, or, as N. H. Russell (1965) suggested, is due to genetic dimorphism. We are reserving a decision on treating this taxon until additional studies are completed.</p><!--
--><p>A. Haines (2011) reported that the distribution of <i>Viola brittoniana</i> in Maine is actually based on the hybrid V. ×insolita House (<i>V. brittoniana</i> × <i>V. sororia</i>).</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola brittoniana</i> reportedly hybridizes with <i>V. cucullata</i> (= V. ×notabilis E. P. Bicknell), <i>V. sagittata </i>var.<i> sagittata</i> (= V. ×mulfordiae Pollard), and <i>V. sororia</i> (= V. ×insolita).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola brittoniana
|authority=Pollard
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=V. baxteri;V. brittoniana var. pectinata;V. pectinata;V. pedatifida subsp. brittoniana;V. pedatifida var. brittoniana
|basionyms=Viola atlantica
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Alluvial woods, mesic forests on slopes near streams, wet fields, salt meadows
|elevation=0–100 m
|distribution=Conn.;Del.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Pa.;S.C.;Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bot. Gaz.
|publication year=1898
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_205.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola brittoniana
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Viola]]