View source for Scorpidium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Scorpidium
|accepted_authority=(Schimper) Limpricht
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Laubm. Deutschl.
|place=3: 570. 1899
|year=1899
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Hypnum subg. Scorpidium
|authority=Schimper
|rank=subgenus
|publication_title=Syn. Musc. Eur.,
|publication_place=650. 1860
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Limprichtia
|authority=
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Calliergonaceae;Scorpidium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Calliergonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Scorpidium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin scorpio, scorpion, alluding to shoot apex curved like a scorpion tail in S. scorpioides
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 13, 307, 385, 386, 645, 654
|treatment_page=page 387
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>medium-sized to very large, green, brownish yellow, brownish to blackish red, or red. <b>Stems</b> irregularly branched to pinnate, ± in one plane; hyalodermis at least partially present, central strand weak or rarely absent; pseudoparaphyllia broad, foliose; rhizoids or rhizoid initials on stem, at or just below leaf insertions; axillary hair distal cells 2–9(–11), hyaline. <b>Stem</b> leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, sometimes almost orbicular, gradually or abruptly narrowed to apex, suddenly curved distally, sometimes indistinctly so or ± straight, concave or strongly concave, not or hardly plicate; base not or hardly decurrent; margins entire proximally, finely denticulate or ± entire near apex; apex obtuse, apiculate, acute, or acuminate; costa single or double, short or ending beyond mid leaf, rarely ecostate; alar cells differentiated, few, short- to long-rectangular, strongly inflated, hyaline, walls thin, region distinctly delimited, small, transversely triangular, from margins at most 50% distance to costa; medial laminal cell walls thin to strongly incrassate, porose or not. <b>Sexual</b> condition dioicous or autoicous; inner perichaetial leaves plicate; vaginula with paraphyses present. <b>Capsule</b> with annulus separating; exostome external surface reticulate or partly, rarely entirely, cross striolate basally, margins slightly dentate distally. <b>Spores</b> 12–21 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand;Papua New Guinea);Australia;Antarctica.
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Scorpidium</i> is characterized by a hyalodermis of inflated, thin-walled epidermal cells, which is present in at least part of the stem circumference. Unlike <i>Hamatocaulis</i>, <i>Scorpidium</i> has at least a weak central strand, except in very weak plants. These plants have small alar regions consisting of a few (2–20) inflated and thin-walled cells that are sharply delimited from the surrounding cells. Their stem leaves are normally smooth and, like those of <i>Hamatocaulis</i>, from an erectopatent to patent base suddenly curved distally, except in most expressions of <i>S. scorpioides</i>. <i>Scorpidium</i> is found in mineral-rich to intermediately mineral-rich and normally nutrient-poor habitats. When mineral-rich, these habitats are mostly rich in calcium.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hedenas2008a
|text=Hedenäs, L. and P. K. Eldenäs. 2008. Relationships in Scorpidium (Calliergonaceae, Bryophyta), especially between S. cossonii and S. scorpioides. Taxon 57: 121–130.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kooijman1991a
|text=Kooijman, A. and L. Hedenäs. 1991. Differentiation in habitat requirements within the genus Scorpidium, especially between S. revolvens and S. cossonii. J. Bryol. 16: 619–627.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stem leaves strongly concave, almost orbicular to broadly ovate-lanceolate, suddenly curved distally or rarely straight; apices obtuse, usually apiculate, acute, or acuminate; costae double or occasionally single, rarely ecostate, rarely reaching beyond mid leaf; stem hyalodermis often incomplete; stem leaves (0.7-)1-2.4 mm wide.
|[[Scorpidium scorpioides|Scorpidium scorpioides]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stem leaves concave, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ± suddenly curved distally; apices short- to long-acuminate, sometimes apiculate; costae single, ending beyond mid leaf; stem hyalodermis complete; stem leaves 0.5-1.1 mm wide
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sexual condition autoicous; stem leaf medial laminal cells 61-140(-179) µm, cell ends short or long fusiform-narrowed; exostome external surface more than 40-50% cross striolate basally.
|[[Scorpidium revolvens|Scorpidium revolvens]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sexual condition dioicous; stem leaf medial laminal cells 14-95(-120) µm, cell ends square, rounded, or short fusiform-narrowed; exostome external surface more than 70% dotted basally.
|[[Scorpidium cossonii|Scorpidium cossonii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Scorpidium
|authority=(Schimper) Limpricht
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Limprichtia
|basionyms=Hypnum subg. Scorpidium
|family=Calliergonaceae
|distribution=North America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;Pacific Islands (New Zealand;Papua New Guinea);Australia;Antarctica.
|reference=hedenas2008a;kooijman1991a
|publication title=Laubm. Deutschl.
|publication year=1899
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_608.xml
|genus=Scorpidium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Calliergonaceae]]