View source for Trillium underwoodii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trillium underwoodii
|accepted_authority=Small
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=24: 172. 1897
|year=1897
}}
|common_names=Underwood’s trillium
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Trillium;Trillium subg. Phyllantherum;Trillium underwoodii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trillium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Trillium subg. Phyllantherum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Trillium underwoodii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 95
|treatment_page=page 116
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Rhizomes </b>horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. <b>Scapes</b> 1–2, round in cross section, 0.8-2 dm, slender to stout, glabrous. <b>Bracts</b> usually drooping, often touching ground in early anthesis, sessile; blade pale silvery green, strongly mottled in 3 or more shades of dark green and bronze, sometimes maroon, mottling becoming obscure with age, ovate-lanceolate to obovate, 6.5–12 × 5–7.8 cm, margins of distal 1/3 straight from rounded base to apex, apex acuminate. <b>Flower</b> erect, odor fetid, especially when first open; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading, green or purple on adaxial surface, lanceolate, 4.5–5 × 8–12 mm, margins entire, flat, apex rounded-acute; petals long-lasting, erect-spreading, ± connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary or at least partially obscuring stamens, tips ± incurved, dark maroon-red, or purplish red, brownish maroon, or yellowish green, not spirally twisted, oblanceolate to elliptic, 3–5.5+ × 1–1.5 cm, usually 3–4 times longer than wide, thick-textured, margins entire, apex acute; stamens ± erect to weakly incurved, 14–17 mm; filaments purple, 1–2 mm; anthers 8–15 mm, thick, dehiscence latrorse; connectives brown-purple, straight, extended 1–2 mm beyond anther sacs, apex somewhat acute; ovary purple, ellipsoid, 6-angled, 6.3–11 mm; stigmas erect, abruptly recurved upon ovary, distinct, purplish, linear, 1.5–5 mm, slightly thickened basally, fleshy. <b>Fruits</b> baccate, purple-black to dull greenish maroon, odorless, ovoid to obovoid, 6-angled (-ridged), 0.7–1 cm diam., pulpy, not juicy.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering mid winter–spring (late Feb–mid Apr).
|habitat=Rich to dryish deciduous forests of mature or second-growth timber, dominated by oaks or with beech-oaks, occasionally with scattered pines present, flat ground along streams where soil can be fairly moist, rich clay or sand
|elevation=100–200 m
|distribution=Ala.;Fla.;Ga.
|discussion=<p><i>Trillium underwoodii</i> can cause considerable confusion for the beginning student of the genus. In some ways it closely resembles a small-statured <i>T. cuneatum</i>. As <i>T. underwoodii</i> continues to expand after flowering, it may become somewhat taller and less “ground hugging,” and it then appears similar to a smaller plant of <i>T. decipiens</i>, which grows in parts of the same range, especially when its bracts do not touch the ground at anthesis. It also has vague similarities to <i>T. reliquum</i>, with which it grows sympatrically in parts of its range. Care should be taken to observe the details of floral structure accurately.</p><!--
--><p>Distribution of <i>Trillium underwoodii</i> is much more restricted than that given by J. K. Small (1933), who indicated a range extending from Alabama to North Carolina and Arkansas.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trillium underwoodii
|authority=Small
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|phenology=Flowering mid winter–spring (late Feb–mid Apr).
|habitat=Rich to dryish deciduous forests of mature or second-growth timber, dominated by oaks or with beech-oaks, occasionally with scattered pines present, flat ground along streams where soil can be fairly moist, rich clay or sand
|elevation=100–200 m
|distribution=Ala.;Fla.;Ga.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1897
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_141.xml
|genus=Trillium
|subgenus=Trillium subg. Phyllantherum
|species=Trillium underwoodii
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Trillium subg. Phyllantherum]]