View source for Prosthechea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Prosthechea
|accepted_authority=Knowles & Westcott
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Cab.
|place=2: 111. 1838
|year=1838
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Anacheilium
|authority=Anacheilium Hoffmannsegg
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Epicladium
|authority=Epicladium Small
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Epithecia
|authority=Epithecia Knowles & Westcott
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hormidium
|authority=Hormidium Lindley ex Heynhold
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae;Orchidaceae tribe Epidendreae;Orchidaceae (tribe Epidendreae) subtribe Laeliinae;Prosthechea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Epidendreae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Orchidaceae (tribe Epidendreae) subtribe Laeliinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Prosthechea]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek prostheke, appendix, in reference to appendage on back of column
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 495, 608
|treatment_page=page 613
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> epiphytic. <b>Roots</b> fleshy, glabrous. <b>Stems</b> aggregate or spaced, erect, forming flattened or fusiform pseudobulbs. <b>Leaves</b> 1–3, apical, sessile, articulate; blade ovate to lanceolate, thinly leathery. <b>Inflorescences</b> apical, paniculate racemes, flowers simultaneous or successive, produced only once, pedunculate or sessile. <b>Flowers</b> resupinate or not; sepals subequal; petals sometimes much narrower; lip appressed to column, adnate to proximal 1/2, with callus; pollinia 4, obovoid, laterally compressed, subequal; caudicles 4 in 2 pairs; column not winged, apically 3- or 5-toothed; rostellum semiorbiculate, entire, covered abaxially with viscous substance. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, ellipsoid to ovoid, prominently 3-winged, 1-locular.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Neotropical regions.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Prosthechea</i> has been variously treated as <i>Epidendrum</i>, <i>Encyclia</i>, Hormidium, and Anacheilium, and variously circumscribed to include the cockle-shell orchids and others. It has been recently reestablished by W. E. Higgins (1997[1998]) to include not only the cockle-shell species but also their less showy Mexican relatives. Recent molecular data (C. van den Berg et al. 2000) support this status.</p><!--
--><p>The Florida species of <i>Prosthechea</i> were segregated (J. K. Small 1933) into four genera: <i>Encyclia</i>, Hormidium, Anacheilium, and Epicladium. Most later authors recognize only <i>Epidendrum</i> or <i>Epidendrum</i> and <i>Encyclia</i>. The proposed reestablishment of Anacheilium and Hormidium (G. F. Pabst et al. 1981; R. P. Sauleda et al. 1984), was based mainly on Brazilian species and did not take Mexican species into consideration. The Mexican species have been dealt with as <i>Encyclia</i> subg. Osmophytum sections Osmophytum and Hormidium (R. L. Dressler and G. E. Pollard 1976).</p><!--
--><p><i>Prosthechea</i> is recognized by the presence of a spathe at the base of the inflorescence, lip adnate to proximal half of column, 3-winged capsule, and presence of glycoside crystals. <i>Encyclia</i> has no spathe, the column is usually adnate at base of column, the capsule is fusiform, not winged, and no glycoside crystals are present. In <i>Epidendrum</i> the lip is adnate to the column throughout, and the rostellum is slit; stems are usually canelike.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=higgins1997a
|text=Higgins, W. E. 1997[1998]. A reconsideration of the genus Prosthechea (Orchidaceae). Phytologia 82: 370–383.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pabst1981a
|text=Pabst, G. F., J. L. Moutinho, and A. V. Pinto. 1981. An attempt to establish the correct statement for genus Anacheilium Hoffmgg. and revision of the genus Hormidium Lindl. ex Heynh. Bradea 3: 173–186.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pseudobulbs not elongate, suborbicular, strongly flattened.
|[[Prosthechea boothiana var. erythronioides|Prosthechea boothiana var. erythronioides]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pseudobulbs mostly elongate, rarely ovoid, somewhat flattened.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences elongate, to 45 cm, pedunculate; sepals more than 20 mm.
|[[Prosthechea cochleata var. triandra|Prosthechea cochleata var. triandra]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences short, 0.5 cm, sessile; sepals less than 8 mm.
|[[Prosthechea pygmaea|Prosthechea pygmaea]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Prosthechea
|author=Eric Hágsater
|authority=Knowles & Westcott
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=Anacheilium;Epicladium;Epithecia;Hormidium
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|distribution=Neotropical regions.
|reference=higgins1997a;pabst1981a
|publication title=Fl. Cab.
|publication year=1838
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_1251.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae
|tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Epidendreae
|subtribe=Orchidaceae (tribe Epidendreae) subtribe Laeliinae
|genus=Prosthechea
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae (tribe Epidendreae) subtribe Laeliinae]]