View source for Lolium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Lolium
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Poeae;Lolium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Poeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Lolium]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 454
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial; cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous. <b>Culms</b> 10-150 cm, slender to stout, erect to decumbent, rarely prostrate. <b>Sheaths</b> open, rounded, glabrous, sometimes scabrous; ligules to 4 mm, membranous, glabrous; auricles sometimes present; blades flat, linear. <b>Inflorescences</b> distichous spikes, with solitary spikelets oriented radial to the rachises, perpendicular to the rachis concavities. <b>Spikelets</b> laterally compressed, with 2-22 florets, distal florets reduced; rachillas glabrous; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the florets. <b>Glumes</b> usually 1, 2 in the terminal spikelets, lanceolate to oblong, rounded over the midvein, membranous to indurate, 3-9-veined, unawned; lower glumes absent from all but the terminal spikelet; upper glumes from shorter than to exceeding the distal florets; calluses short, blunt, glabrous; lemmas lanceolate, ovate or oblong, rounded over the midvein, membranous, chartaceous, 3-7-veined, apices sometimes hyaline, unawned or awned, awns subterminal, more or less straight; paleas membranous, usually smooth, keels ciliolate; lodicules 2, free, lanceolate to ovate; anthers 3; ovaries glabrous. <b>Caryopses</b> dorsally compressed, oblong, broadly elliptic or ovate, longitudinally sulcate; hila linear, in the furrow; embryos 1/5 - 1/3 as long as the caryopses. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Del.;Mont.;Utah;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Alaska;Ala.;Ark.;Ariz.;Fla.;Ga.;Iowa;Ill.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Mass.;Md.;Maine;Minn.;Mo.;Miss.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.Mex.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;N.H.;Nebr.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Ind.
|discussion=<p>As interpreted here, <i>Lolium</i> comprises five species that are native to Europe, temperate Asia, and northern Africa. All have been introduced to the Flora region, often as forage grasses; most have become established.</p><!--
--><p><i>Lolium</i> used to be included in the Triticeae, but evidence from genetics, morphology, and other studies shows its closest relationship to be to the species included here in <i>Schedonorus</i>. Artificial hybrids have been produced among <i>L. perenne</i>, <i>L. multiflorum</i>, <i>Schedonorus pratensis</i>, and <i>S. arundinaceus</i>. Cultivars of these crosses have been registered for commercial use and are sometimes used for forage. Natural hybrids are not uncommon in Europe.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=aiken1997b
|text=Aiken, S.G., M.J. Dallwitz, C.L. Mcjannet, and LX. Consaul. 1997. Fescue Grasses of North America: Interactive Identification and Information Retrieval. DELTA, CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra, Australia. CD-ROM
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dannhardt1985a
|text=Dannhardt, G. and L. Steindl. 1985. Alkaloids of Lolium temulentum: Isolation, identification and pharmacological activity. Pi. Med. (Stuttgart) 1985:212-214
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dore1950a
|text=Dore, W.G. 1950. Persian darnel in Canada. Sci. Agric. (Ottawa) 30:157-164
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=soreng1997a
|text=Soreng, R.J. and E.E. Terrell. 1997 [publication date 1998]. Taxonomic notes on Schedonorus, a segregate genus from Festuca or Lolium, with a new nothogenus, xSchedololium, and new combinations. Phytologia 83:85-88
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=terrell1968a
|text=Terrell, E.E. 1968. A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Lolium. Technical Bulletin, United States Department of Agriculture No. 1392. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 65 pp.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants either long-lived perennials with 2-10 florets per spikelet, or annuals or short-lived perennials with 10-22 florets per spikelet.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants long-lived perennials, with 2-10 florets per spikelet; lemmas unawned or awned, awns to about 8 mm long
|[[Lolium perenne|Lolium perenne]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants annuals or short-lived perennials, with 10-22 florets per spikelet; lemmas usually awned, awns to 15 mm long, rarely unawned
|[[Lolium multiflorum|Lolium multiflorum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants annuals, with 2-10(11) florets per spikelet.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Spikelets somewhat sunken in the rachises and partly concealed by the glumes
|[[Lolium rigidum|Lolium rigidum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Spikelets not sunken in the rachises and not concealed by the glumes.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Lemmas 3.5-8.5 mm long; paleas from 1.2 mm shorter than to 0.8 mm longer than the lemmas; mature florets and caryopses 2-3 times longer than wide
|[[Lolium temulentum|Lolium temulentum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Lemmas (5.2)7-12 mm long; paleas usually 0.5-1.8 mm longer than the lemmas; mature florets and caryopses 3.7-5 times longer than wide
|[[Lolium persicum|Lolium persicum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Lolium
|author=Edward E. Terrell;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Del.;Mont.;Utah;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;W.Va.;Mich.;D.C;Wis.;Idaho;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Alaska;Ala.;Ark.;Ariz.;Fla.;Ga.;Iowa;Ill.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Mass.;Md.;Maine;Minn.;Mo.;Miss.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.Mex.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;N.H.;Nebr.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Calif.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;Colo.;Ind.
|reference=aiken1997b;dannhardt1985a;dore1950a;soreng1997a;terrell1968a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_652.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Poeae
|genus=Lolium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Poeae]]