View source for Eleocharis retroflexa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eleocharis retroflexa
|accepted_authority=(Poiret) Urban
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Symb. Antill.
|place=2: 165. 1900
|year=1900
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Scirpus retroflexus
|authority=Poiret
|rank=species
|publication_title=in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl.
|publication_place=6: 753. 1804
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Baeothryon retroflexum
|authority=A. Dietrich
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chaetocyperus niveus
|authority=Liebmann
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chaetocyperus polymorphus var. depauperatus
|authority=Nees
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chaetocyperus rugulosus
|authority=Nees
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chaetocyperus viviparus
|authority=Liebmann
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus depauperatus
|authority=Vahl
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis depauperata
|authority=Kunth
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Eleocharis;Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis;Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis;Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae;Eleocharis retroflexa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Eleocharis retroflexa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 61, 69, 97
|treatment_page=page 98
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual, tufted, mat-forming, often stoloniferous, sometimes entirely vegetative; rhizomes absent. <b>Culms</b> erect, ascending or arching, pentagonal, sulcate, 1.5–10 cm × 0.2–0.3 mm [larger], soft. <b>Leaves</b>: distal leaf sheaths persistent or disintegrating, pale brown to green, red-spotted [mostly red-brown], membranous; apex acuminate. <b>Spikelets</b>: basal spikelets usually present, bisexual; often proliferous, ellipsoid or obovoid, laterally compressed, 1.7–3.9 × 1.2–2 mm, apex acute; proximal scale empty or with a flower, deciduous, amplexicaulous, similar to floral scales (sometimes 2.4–2.9 mm); subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales clearly distichous, 2–6 [or more], 4–6 per mm of rachilla, pale brown [marked red-brown], ovate or elliptic, 1.8–2.5 × 0.8–1.4 mm, membranous, apex rounded to obtuse, midribs green, keeled. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth bristles 6, colorless or pale brown, shorter than achenes; spinules not evident at 45X; stamens 3; anthers (0.55–)0.7 mm; styles 3-fid. <b>Achenes</b> stramineous (to cream), obovoid, trigonous or subterete, not compressed, angles prominent, 0.8 × 0.5–0.55 mm, apex not constricted proximal to tubercle, coarsely cancellate or honeycomb-reticulate at 10–15X. <b>Tubercles</b> red-brown, pyramidal, trigonous, proximally clearly to obscurely 3-lobed, lobes decurrent on achene angles, 0.3–0.35 × 0.3–0.4 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting summer.
|habitat=Freshwater ponds, stream banks, marshes, sandy or muddy soils
|elevation=0–10 m
|distribution=Ala.;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America;South America;Asia (including Indonesia);Pacific Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>We have seen only one collection of <i>Eleocharis retroflexa</i> from the flora area (Mobile, Alabama, in 1896, US). Other populations are likely in the United States Gulf States. The broad-shouldered, strongly sculptured achenes, trilobed, decurrent tubercles, and basal spikelets are distinctive.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eleocharis retroflexa
|authority=(Poiret) Urban
|rank=species
|parent rank=series
|synonyms=Baeothryon retroflexum;Chaetocyperus niveus;Chaetocyperus polymorphus var. depauperatus;Chaetocyperus rugulosus;Chaetocyperus viviparus;Cyperus depauperatus;Eleocharis depauperata
|basionyms=Scirpus retroflexus
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting summer.
|habitat=Freshwater ponds, stream banks, marshes, sandy or muddy soils
|elevation=0–10 m
|distribution=Ala.;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America;South America;Asia (including Indonesia);Pacific Islands;Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Symb. Antill.
|publication year=1900
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_142.xml
|genus=Eleocharis
|subgenus=Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis
|section=Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis
|series=Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae
|species=Eleocharis retroflexa
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae]]