View source for Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|accepted_authority=Cassini ex Dumortier
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Belg.,
|place=71. 1827
|year=1827
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae
|authority=Bentham & Hooker f.
|rank=subtribe
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 7, 43, 63, 173, 175, 182
|treatment_page=page 135
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (2–)20–500 cm. <b>Leaves</b> usually mostly cauline, rarely mostly basal; mostly opposite (distal often alternate) or mostly alternate, rarely whorled; petiolate or sessile; blades (often 3- or 5-nerved) orbiculate or deltate to lanceolate or linear (and intermediate shapes), sometimes lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform (paniculiform or racemiform) arrays (glomerules or second-order heads of 1–2-flowered heads in <i>Lagascea</i>). <b>Calyculi</b> 0. <b>Involucres</b> cylindric to hemispheric or rotate. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 4–45(–100+) in 1–6+ series (usually distinct, ± connate in <i>Lagascea</i>, broadly ovate to linear, subequal or unequal). <b>Receptacles</b> usually flat or convex, sometimes hemispheric or conic, usually paleate (epaleate in <i>Lagascea</i>; paleae usually falling, sometimes persistent, mostly oblong to linear, often conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, apices sometimes ± 3-lobed or -toothed; becoming hardened perigynia completely investing cypselae in <i>Sclerocarpus</i>). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or 5–30(–100+), neuter, or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes partly or wholly brown to purple or red-brown to reddish. <b>Disc</b> florets 1 (<i>Lagascea</i>) or 10–200(–1000+), bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown to purple or reddish to red-brown, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric or funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (equal); anther thecae dark or pale; stigmatic papillae usually continuous. <b>Cypselae</b> often ± compressed, flattened, biconvex, clavate, columnar, obovoid, obpyramidal, or prismatic (lengths usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–)2(–8+) (sometimes aristate) scales and/or awns, sometimes coroniform.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Mostly subtropical;tropical;and warm-temperate New World.
|discussion=<p>Genera 17, species 363 (8 genera, 69 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Circumscription of Helianthinae adopted here (i.e., that of H. Robinson 1981) is narrower than traditional circumscriptions (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978]), which included genera here treated in Ecliptinae, Galinsoginae, and Rudbeckiinae.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllaries 4–5 in ± 1 series (connate); disc florets 1(–2; the 1–2-flowered heads aggregated in glomerules or second-order heads)
|[[Lagascea|Lagascea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllaries 5–45(–100+) in (1–)2–6+ series (distinct); disc florets (10–)15–200(–1000+)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Receptacles paleate (each palea completely investing and falling with a cypsela, eachforming a hardened perigynium)
|[[Sclerocarpus|Sclerocarpus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Receptacles paleate (paleae sometimes conduplicate, ± enfolding cypselae, not forming perigynia)
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Heads borne singly (peduncles usually distally dilated, fistulose)
|[[Tithonia|Tithonia]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Heads borne singly or in corymbiform, paniculiform, racemiform, or thyrsiform arrays (peduncles rarely, if ever, notably dilated or fistulose)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Cypselae flattened, thin-margined
|[[Simsia|Simsia]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Cypselae ± compressed, biconvex, or 3- or 4-angled, often obpyramidal
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cypselae glabrous or glabrate; pappi 0
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Cypselae usually ± strigose, sometimes glabrous or glabrate; pappi of 2–6+, persistent, readily falling, or tardily falling scales
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Shrubs (leaves often lobed, lobes usually 3–9, ± linear)
|[[Viguiera|Viguiera]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Annuals or perennials (leaves not lobed)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Annuals; leaf blades lanceolate to linear; involucres 5–6 mm diam.;phyllaries 11–17
|[[Helianthus|Helianthus]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Annuals or perennials; leaf blades lance-linear, lanceolate, ovate, rhombic, or rhombic-ovate; involucres 6–14 mm diam.; phyllaries14–25
|[[Heliomeris|Heliomeris]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Shrubs; involucres 5–9 mm diam
|[[Bahiopsis|Bahiopsis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Annuals or perennials; involucres (5–)7–40+ mm diam
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappi readily falling
|[[Helianthus|Helianthus]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pappi persistent or tardily falling
|[[Viguiera|Viguiera]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|authority=Cassini ex Dumortier
|rank=subtribe
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Mostly subtropical;tropical;and warm-temperate New World.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Belg.,
|publication year=1827
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_329.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]