View source for Solidago simplex

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Solidago simplex
|accepted_authority=Kunth in A. von Humboldt et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp.
|place=4(fol.): 81. 1818
|year=1818
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|place=4(qto.): 103. 1820
|year=1820
}}
|common_names=Sticky goldenrod
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Solidago;Solidago sect. Solidago;Solidago subsect. Humiles;Solidago simplex
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Solidago]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Solidago sect. Solidago]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subsection</small>[[Solidago subsect. Humiles]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Solidago simplex]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 112, 116
|treatment_page=page 113
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>5–80 cm; caudices branching. <b>Stems</b> 1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. <b>Leaves</b>: basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. <b>Heads</b> 3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. <b>Peduncles</b> 3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. <b>Involucres</b> campanulate, 3–7 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> (in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. <b>Ray</b> florets 7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. <b>Disc</b> florets 6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. <b>Cypselae</b> narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Colo.;Idaho;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of <i>Solidago simplex</i> are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the <i>S. spathulata</i>/<i>S. simplex</i> complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States.</p><!--
--><p>The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental <i></i>subsp.<i> simplex</i>: <i></i>var.<i> simplex</i>, <i></i>var.<i> nana</i>, and <i></i>var.<i> chlorolepis</i>. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid <i></i>subsp.<i> randii</i>: <i></i>var.<i> monticola</i>, <i></i>var.<i> gillmanii</i>, <i></i>var.<i> ontarioensis</i>, and <i></i>var.<i> racemosa</i>. Except for <i></i>var.<i> simplex</i>, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Basal and cauline leaves spatulate to orbiculate, apices obtuse to rounded; cypselae moderately to densely strigose (S. simplex subsp. simplex)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Basal and cauline leaves spatulate to obovate, apices usually acute; cypselae sparsely to moderately strigose (S. simplex subsp. randii)
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves 5–16 (longest 60+ mm); w North America, disjunct along shores of upper Great Lakes and in s Quebec
|[[Solidago simplex var. simplex|Solidago simplex var. simplex]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves 2–7 (longest to 60 mm); alpine slopes, w North America, Mt. Albert, Gaspé, Quebec
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Shortest phyllaries 1.4–2 mm; disc corollas 3.9–4.2 mm; serpentine soils, Mt. Albert, Gaspé, Quebec
|[[5a.Solidago simplex var. chlorolepis|5a.Solidago simplex var. chlorolepis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Shortest phyllaries 2.1–3.1 mm; disc corollas 4.2–5.4 mm; alpine slopes, Rocky Mountains, Cascade Mountains, Vancouver Island.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Basal leaves usually spatulate, rarely broadly elliptic, proximal blades gradually attenuated to winged petioles, margins weakly crenate; alpine slopes, Rocky Mountains
|[[Solidago simplex var. simplex|Solidago simplex var. simplex]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Basal leaves orbiculate to broadly elliptic, proximal blades abruptly attenuated to winged petioles, margins distinctly crenate; alpine slopes of Cascade Mountains, Vancouver Island
|[[5a.Solidago simplex var. nana|5a.Solidago simplex var. nana]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Proximal cauline leaves spatulate to obovate, (5–)10–42 mm wide; leaf margins often sharply serrate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Proximal cauline leaves lanceolate to narrowly spatulate, 2–10(–21.5) mm wide; leaf margins entire or dentate, rarely serrate
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Plants (10–)18–53(–83) cm, arrays tending to be compact, virgate; proximal cauline leaves (5–)10–22(–31) mm wide, margins crenate to serrate; barren, rocky, non-alpine uplands; se Quebec, New England, New York
|[[5b.Solidago simplex var. monticola|5b.Solidago simplex var. monticola]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Plants (20–)38–73(–84) cm, robust, arrays tending to be paniculiform; proximal cauline leaves (6–)7.5–24(–42) mm wide, margins often sharply serrate; sand dunes, Lake Michigan, n Lake Huron
|[[5b.Solidago simplex var. gillmanii|5b.Solidago simplex var. gillmanii]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Cauline leaves (3–)12–33(–58); peduncle bracteoles 2+; calcareous rocky riverbanks, e Quebec s to West Virginia and Maryland
|[[5b.Solidago simplex var. racemosa|5b.Solidago simplex var. racemosa]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Cauline leaves (2–)4–13(–24); peduncle bracteoles 1–3(–4); rocky shores, Lake Superior, n Lake Huron
|[[5b.Solidago simplex var. ontarioensis|5b.Solidago simplex var. ontarioensis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Solidago simplex
|authority=Kunth in A. von Humboldt et al.
|rank=species
|parent rank=subsection
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Colo.;Idaho;Ind.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico.
|reference=None
|publication title=in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp.;
|publication year=1818;1820
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_218.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Solidago
|section=Solidago sect. Solidago
|subsection=Solidago subsect. Humiles
|species=Solidago simplex
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Solidago subsect. Humiles]]