View source for Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
|accepted_authority=(Rafinesque) G. L. Nesom
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Phytologia
|place=77: 272. 1995
|year=1995
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Undefined subg. Virgulus
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=subgenus
|publication_title=Fl. Tellur.
|publication_place=2: 46. 1837
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Aster subg. Virgulus
|authority=(Rafinesque) A. G. Jones
|rank=subgenus
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 466, 487, 538
|treatment_page=page 483
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> sometimes stipitate-glandular; rhizomatous or with cormoid caudices. <b>Stems</b> brittle at maturity, usually ± densely hairy, sometimes glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular at least distally. <b>Leaves</b>: basal withering by flowering, usually sessile, sometimes subpetiolate, blades usually 3-nerved, spatulate or obovate to oblanceolate, sometimes linear-oblanceolate, margins entire; cauline sessile, blades ovate or oblong to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear, bases rounded or auriculate, clasping or subclasping (leaves sometimes reduced distally). <b>Heads</b> radiate. <b>Phyllaries</b> unequal or subequal, sometimes ± foliaceous, bases usually indurate, green zones usually diamond-shaped, sometimes lanceolate or apices foliaceous (faces usually hairy, sometimes glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular). <b>Ray</b> florets 7–36(–100) in 1 series; laminae (2–)4.5–24(–25) × 0.5–2 mm. <b>Disc</b> corollas usually weakly ampliate, throats narrowly funnelform, lobes erect. <b>Cypselae</b> cylindric to obovoid or oblong, sometimes fusiform, sometimes ± compressed, (5–)6–10-nerved, usually densely strigillose. <b>x</b> = 5, 4.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Species 24 (19, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>This group of morphologically and cytologically distinctive asters has been treated at ranks from section to genus. J. C. Semple and L. Brouillet (1980) treated them as the separate genus Lasallea, an illegitimate name replaced by Virgulus (J. L. Reveal and C. S. Keener 1981). A. G. Jones (1980) treated the group as a subgenus within <i>Aster</i> in a broad sense. G. L. Nesom (1994b) proposed subgeneric status for the virguloid asters within <i>Symphyotrichum</i>. On the basis of chloroplast DNA phylogenetic evidence, Xiang C. (1994) showed that the taxon is part of the <i>Symphyotrichum</i> group and recommended treating the virguloid asters as a genus. On the same basis, Xiang and Semple (1996) noted that it could be included within a broadly defined <i>Symphyotrichum</i> or treated separately. Semple et al. (2002), using molecular phylogenetic data, showed the group to belong within <i>Symphyotrichum</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Subgenus Virgulus has been divided into four sections. <i>Section</i> Grandiflori (Torrey & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom includes all the stipitate-glandular taxa: <i>S. grandiflorum</i>, <i>S. campestre</i>, <i>S. pygmaeum</i>, <i>S. yukonense</i>, <i>S. fendleri</i>, <i>S. oblongifolium</i>, and <i>S. novae-angliae</i>, sometimes segregated in sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple. <i>Section</i> Patentes (Torrey & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom includes <i>S. patens</i>, <i>S. phlogifolium</i>, <i>S. georgianum</i>, <i>S. adnatum</i>, and <i>S. walteri</i>. <i>Section</i> Virgulus (Rafinesque) G. L. Nesom comprises <i>S. concolor</i>, <i>S. plumosum</i>, <i>S. pratense</i>, and <i>S. sericeum</i>. <i>Section</i> Ericoidi (Torrey & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom includes <i>S. ericoides</i> and <i>S. falcatum</i>. <i>Symphyotrichum ×amethystinum</i> is an intersectional hybrid (sects. Grandiflori × Ericoidi) and remains unassigned. Relationships among sections are unresolved.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=jones1978b
|text=Jones, A. G. 1978. The taxonomy of Aster section Multiflori (Asteraceae). I. Nomenclatural review and formal presentation of taxa. Rhodora 80: 319–357.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=jones1983b
|text=Jones, R. L. 1983. A systematic study of Aster section Patentes (Asteraceae). Sida 10: 41–81.
}}
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
|authority=(Rafinesque) G. L. Nesom
|rank=subgenus
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Aster subg. Virgulus
|basionyms=Undefined subg. Virgulus
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico.
|reference=jones1978b;jones1983b
|publication title=Phytologia
|publication year=1995
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_1087.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Symphyotrichum
|subgenus=Symphyotrichum subg. Virgulus
}}<!--

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