View source for Pseudognaphalium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pseudognaphalium
|accepted_authority=Kirpicznikov
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser.
|place=1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 33. 1950
|year=1950
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae;Pseudognaphalium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pseudognaphalium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek pseudo -, deceptively similar, and genus name Gnaphalium, alluding to resemblance
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 60, 384, 387, 418, 421, 427, 429
|treatment_page=page 415
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–)15–150(–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted). <b>Stems</b> 1+, usually erect, sometimes decumbent to procumbent (± woolly-tomentose, sometimes stipitate- or sessile-glandular). <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline or mostly cauline; alternate; usually sessile; blades mostly narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, bases often clasping and/or decurrent, margins entire, faces bicolor or concolor, abaxial white to gray and tomentose to velutinous, adaxial usually greenish and glabrous or glabrescent, sometimes grayish and loosely arachnose (sometimes stipitate- or sessile-glandular). <b>Heads</b> disciform, usually in glomerules in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays, sometimes in terminal clusters. <b>Involucres</b> mostly campanulate to cylindric, (3–)4–7 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> in (2–)3–7(–10) series, whitish, rosy, tawny, or brownish (opaque or hyaline, dull or shiny; stereomes usually green, usually sessile-glandular distally), unequal, usually chartaceous toward tips. <b>Receptacles</b> flat, smooth, epaleate. <b>Peripheral</b> (pistillate) florets (15–)25–250+ (more numerous than bisexual); corollas yellowish. <b>Inner</b> (bisexual) florets (1–)5–20(–40+); corollas yellowish (red-tipped in <i>P. luteoalbum</i>). <b>Cypselae</b> oblong-compressed or cylindric, faces usually smooth, sometimes papillate-roughened and/or with 4–6 longitudinal ridges, usually glabrous (papilliform hairs in <i>P. luteoalbum</i>); pappi readily falling, of 10–12 distinct (coherent basally in <i>Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum</i> and <i>P. stramineum</i>), barbellate bristles in 1 series. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide;mostly South America to North America;mostly in temperate regions.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (21 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Fifteen of the species treated here occur also in Mexico; those that do not are <i>Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium</i>, <i>P. saxicola</i>, <i>P. micradenium</i>, and <i>P. helleri</i> (eastern United States and adjacent Canada), and <i>P. ramosissimum</i> and <i>P. thermale</i> (western United States and adjacent Canada).</p><!--
--><p>Basal and proximal leaves of <i>Pseudognaphalium</i> species often wither before plants reach flowering. In the key and descriptions here, references to leaves are to cauline leaves of plants at flowering unless otherwise indicated.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom2004a
|text=Nesom, G. L. 2004d. Pseudognaphalium canescens (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and putative relatives in western North America. Sida 21: 781–790.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf faces strongly to weakly bicolor (abaxial gray to white, tomentose, adaxial green, not tomentose, sometimes glandular)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf faces concolor or weakly bicolor (both usually gray to gray-green or greenish, tomentose, adaxial sometimes glandular beneath tomentum)
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Bases of leaf blades not clasping, not decurrent
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Bases of leaf blades clasping and/or decurrent
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems white (tomentose, rarely glandular near bases); pistillate florets 38–96; bisexual florets 4–8(–11)
|[[Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium|Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems greenish (lacking or soon losing most tomentum, usually densely stipitate-glandular); pistillate florets 47–107; bisexual florets 7–20
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems glandular-villous (stipitate glands mostly 0.3–1 mm, variable in height on any portion of stem, stalks broadened toward bases, about equaling gland widths); leaf blades mostly oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–7 cm × 4–20 mm; pistillate florets 83–107; bisexual florets 9–15
|[[Pseudognaphalium helleri|Pseudognaphalium helleri]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems glandular-puberulent (stipitate glands 0.1–0.2 mm, stalks narrower than gland widths); leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–5.5 cm × 1.5–10 mm; pistillate florets 47–78; bisexual florets (7–)11–20
|[[Pseudognaphalium micradenium|Pseudognaphalium micradenium]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves crowded (internodes usually 1–3, sometimes to 10 mm), blades linear to linear-lanceolate, margins strongly revolute
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves not crowded (internodes mostly more than 5 mm), blades elliptic, elliptic-ovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong, margins flat or slightly revolute
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Phyllaries bright white, opaque, dull; cypselar faces smooth
|[[Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum|Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Phyllaries tawny to silvery white, ± hyaline, shiny; cypselar faces papillate-roughened
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems stipitate-glandular; leaf bases not subclasping (proximal usually decurrent 3–10 mm); phyllaries ovate-lanceolate (apices of inner not thickened along midribs, not apiculate); pistillate florets ca. 200–250; bisexual florets (13–)16–29
|[[Pseudognaphalium viscosum|Pseudognaphalium viscosum]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems not glandular; leaf bases subclasping (not decurrent); phyllaries narrowly ovate to oblong or elliptic (apices of inner thickened and slightly raised along midribs, apiculate); pistillate florets [46–]76–102; bisexual florets (6–)8–11
|[[Pseudognaphalium austrotexanum|Pseudognaphalium austrotexanum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems not glandular; leaf bases auriculate-clasping, faces strongly bicolor
|[[Pseudognaphalium biolettii|Pseudognaphalium biolettii]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Stems glandular; leaf bases weakly, if at all, clasping, faces strongly to weakly bicolor
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Involucres 4.5–5.5 mm; phyllaries in 4–5 series; bisexual florets 7–12
|[[Pseudognaphalium macounii|Pseudognaphalium macounii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Involucres 3.5–4 mm; phyllaries in 2–3 series; bisexual florets (1–)2–6
|[[Pseudognaphalium pringlei|Pseudognaphalium pringlei]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf bases clasping to subclasping, seldom decurrent (decurrent 1–2 mm in P. luteoalbum and P. stramineum, 2–10 mm in P. californicum)
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Leaf bases not clasping or subclasping, decurrent or not
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Heads in terminal glomerules; involucres 3–6 mm; phyllaries silver-gray to yellowish (hyaline); pistillate florets 135–160 (pappus bristles loosely coherent basally, released in clusters or easily fragmented rings)
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Heads in corymbiform arrays; involucres 4–7 mm; phyllaries usually silvery white to white, sometimes pink (mostly opaque); pistillate florets 35–140 (pappus bristles not coherent basally, released singly)
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Involucres 3–4 mm; bisexual florets 5–10 (corollas red-tipped; cypselae with papilliform hairs)
|[[Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum|Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Involucres 4–6 mm; bisexual florets mostly 18–28 (corollas evenly yellowish, not red-tipped; cypselae glabrous)
|[[Pseudognaphalium stramineum|Pseudognaphalium stramineum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Stems stipitate-glandular; abaxial faces of leaf blades green, stipitate- glandular; phyllaries in 7–10 series
|[[Pseudognaphalium californicum|Pseudognaphalium californicum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Stems not glandular; abaxial faces of leaf blades white-tomentose or woolly- tomentose; phyllaries in 5–6 series
|[[Pseudognaphalium roseum|Pseudognaphalium roseum]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf bases not decurrent
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Leaf bases decurrent
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Annuals 4–15(–30) cm; faces of leaf blades concolor, green, thinly arachnoid-tomentose to glabrate, not glandular (veiny reticulum evident); heads in terminal capitate clusters; cypselae smooth
|[[Pseudognaphalium saxicola|Pseudognaphalium saxicola]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–100+ cm; faces of leaf blades concolor or weakly bicolor, white to gray, ± tomentose, sometimes glandular beneath tomentum; heads in corymbiform arrays; cypselae smooth or papillate-roughened
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Adaxial faces of leaf blades sometimes sessile-glandular beneath adaxial tomentum; involucres 4–5 mm; phyllaries in 3–4 series; bisexual florets (1–)2–5(-6)
|[[Pseudognaphalium canescens|Pseudognaphalium canescens]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Adaxial faces of leaf blades not glandular; involucres 5–6 mm; phyllaries in 4–6 series; bisexual florets 5–9
|[[Pseudognaphalium microcephalum|Pseudognaphalium microcephalum]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Stems and leaves stipitate-glandular; heads in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays; phyllaries usually white or pinkish, sometimes greenish
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Stems and leaves not glandular; heads usually in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays (sometimes borne singly or in glomerules in P. arizonicum); phyllaries usually white, whitish, or brownish to tawny, rarely rosy
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades mostly narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 5–10(–20) mm wide; heads in corymbiform arrays; involucres campanulo-globose; phyllaries in 7–10 series, white
|[[Pseudognaphalium californicum|Pseudognaphalium californicum]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Leaf blades linear to lanceolate, oblong, or narrowly spatulate, 3–5(–7) mm wide; heads in paniculiform (usually elongate to broadly columnar) arrays; involucres turbinate to short-cylindric; phyllaries in 4–5 series, usually pinkish, sometimes white to greenish
|[[Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum|Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Phyllaries usually brownish to tawny, rarely rosy, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate (hairs of stems and leaves commonly with reddish or purplish cross walls).
|[[Pseudognaphalium arizonicum|Pseudognaphalium arizonicum]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Phyllaries white or whitish, ovate to ovate-oblong (hairs of stems and leaves without colored cross walls)
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Pistillate florets 80–115[–180]; bisexual florets (6–)8–12[–30] (bases of hairs on leaves persistent, enlarged)
|[[Pseudognaphalium jaliscense|Pseudognaphalium jaliscense]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Pistillate florets 35–69; bisexual florets 3–8(–11) (bases of hairs on leaves not persistent and enlarged)
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Blades of basal and proximal cauline leaves linear (proximal and distal similar in size and shape); heads usually in paniculiform arrays; phyllaries in (4–)5–6(–7) series (usually opaque, dull to shiny)
|[[Pseudognaphalium beneolens|Pseudognaphalium beneolens]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Blades of basal and proximal cauline leaves linear-oblanceolate (the distal shorter and narrower); heads in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; phyllaries in 3–4(–5) series, hyaline or opaque, usually shiny, sometimes dull
|[[Pseudognaphalium thermale|Pseudognaphalium thermale]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pseudognaphalium
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Kirpicznikov
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Worldwide;mostly South America to North America;mostly in temperate regions.
|reference=nesom2004a
|publication title=Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser.
|publication year=1950
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_679.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae
|genus=Pseudognaphalium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae]]