View source for Pterobryaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pterobryaceae
|accepted_authority=Kindberg
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Pterobryaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Pterobryaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 598, 599
|treatment_page=page 597
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>medium-sized to large. <b>Stems</b> often with basal stipe region, foliose, simple or pinnate, branches flagelliform; cortical cells orange-brown, walls thick, central strand not differentiated; paraphyllia absent; pseudoparaphyllia filamentous, 1-seriate, hyaline; stolons creeping, becoming erect, inclined, or horizontal, rhizoids usually restricted to stolons. <b>Stolon</b> leaves scalelike, 0.2–1.3 mm; apex short-acute or long-acuminate; usually ecostate. <b>Stipe</b> leaves appressed, erect, or recurved, triangular to ovate-acuminate; base clasping; costa double or single, shorter in distal stem leaves. <b>Stem</b> leaves appressed, erect, spreading, recurved, or squarrose, ovate-acuminate, ovate-orbicular, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, concave; margins plane or rarely revolute to apex, entire, or serrulate distally; costa single or double and short; alar cells little differentiated, or rhombic to quadrate in several rows along margin, or rarely region well differentiated, large, conspicuous; proximal laminal cells at insertion dark yellow, walls porose, thick, irregular; medial cells sinuate or linear-flexuose, smooth, prorate, or rarely 1-papillose, walls often porose; distal cells shorter. <b>Branch</b> leaves similar to or differentiated from stem leaves, narrowly ovate-acuminate, concave, not or weakly plicate, sometimes smaller. <b>Specialized</b> asexual reproduction frequent, by clavate gemmae in clusters in leaf axils, reddish brown, 1-seriate, of 4–12 quadrate or rectangular cells, walls thick, verrucose. <b>Sexual</b> condition dioicous; perigonia on stem and branches, budlike, leaves few, scalelike, paraphyses 1-seriate, antheridia 5–10; perichaetia on stem and branches, urceolate, leaves 8–12, interior ones ovate-acuminate, abruptly narrowed to long, erect awns, paraphyses often present, multiseriate. <b>Seta</b> red-brown, elongate. <b>Capsule</b> erect, exserted, red-brown, narrowed to mouth, smooth; stomata absent; annulus usually absent; operculum short, rounded or conic, rostrate; prostome present; exostome reduced, teeth 16, often in 8 irregular pairs, incurved when dry, erect when moist, lanceolate, often irregular, inserted below mouth, mostly smooth; endostome of remnants adhering to back of exostome, cilia usually absent. <b>Calyptra</b> cucullate, fully or partly covering capsule, with scattered archegonia and paraphyses or smooth, not plicate. <b>Spores</b> spheric or ovoid, 20–35 µm, granulose, green.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;tropical and subtropical regions.
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 16, species ca. 200 (3 genera, 4 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Pterobryaceae are highly diverse, and the family has frequently been the repository of odd, tropical taxa excluded from other families. Few features unite members of the family as currently circumscribed, and even these are not present in all taxa: tropical, primarily epiphytic habitats; a frondose habit, frequently with a differentiated stipe, although this may only be apparent in juvenile plants; 1-seriate, filamentous pseudoparaphyllia (B. H. Allen 1987); absent stomata; reduced peristomes, often with a prostome; and a highly reduced endostome. The inclusion of <i>Henicodium</i> in the family is questionable on morphological grounds, since the presence of papillae centrally located over the lumen and a revolute leaf margin are otherwise not known in Pterobryaceae. Molecular studies indicate some affinity between <i>Henicodium</i> and Orthostichopsis (W. R. Buck et al. 2000), although Pterobryon, the type genus, is usually placed distantly from both these exemplars. <i>Henicodium</i> is accepted here pending resolution of the family circumscription.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=allen1987a
|text=Allen, B. H. 1987. On distinguishing Pterobryaceae and Meteoriaceae by means of pseudoparaphyllia. Bryol. Times 42: 1–3.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=arzeni1954a
|text=Arzeni, C. B. 1954. The Pterobryaceae of the southern United States, Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 52: 1–67.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stem leaf margins revolute; alar cells oblate, well differentiated, regions large, conspicuous; medial laminal cells 1-papillose or rarely smooth.
|[[Henicodium|Henicodium]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stem leaf margins plane; alar cells quadrate or rectangular, little differentiated, indistinct, or regions in several rows along margin; medial laminal cells smooth or prorate
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems simple or sparsely branched; stem leaves broadly ovate-orbicular, spreading to recurved or squarrose; costae double and short, or single to mid leaf or longer.
|[[Jaegerina|Jaegerina]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems simple or irregularly pinnate; stem leaves broadly ovate-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, erect or spreading; costae single, short in proximal leaves, percurrent or short-excurrent in distal leaves.
|[[Pireella|Pireella]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pterobryaceae
|author=Angela E. Newton
|authority=Kindberg
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Pterobryaceae
|illustrator=Patricia M. Eckel
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;tropical and subtropical regions.
|reference=allen1987a;arzeni1954a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_936.xml
}}<!--

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