View source for Cakile

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cakile
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 1. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Sea-rockets
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae;Cakile
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cakile]]</div></div>
|etymology=Arabic name qaqulleh
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 232, 234, 238, 244, 419, 425
|treatment_page=page 424
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or, rarely, perennials; (succulent, taproot woody, with relatively long, horizontal roots); not scapose; glabrous or, sometimes, sparsely pubescent. <b>Stems</b> erect, ascending, prostrate, or divaricate, branched basally. <b>Leaves</b> cauline; usually petiolate, rarely sessile; blade (often fleshy), not rosulate, margins entire, crenate, dentate, sinuate, or pinnately lobed. <b>Racemes</b> considerably elongated in fruit. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels (rachis) geniculate or not, slender or stout. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals erect, ovate or oblong, lateral pair saccate or not basally; petals (rarely aborted, reflexed), white to lavender, obovate to spatulate, claw differentiated from blade or not; stamens tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers (introrse), ovate to oblong; nectar glands (4), distinct, median glands present. <b>Fruits</b> siliques or silicles, indehiscent, stipitate, segments 2, (fleshy and green becoming corky and dry), obovoid, oblong, fusiform, or lanceoloid, rarely hastate, (proximal segment) terete or laterally horned, (terminal segment) terete, 4-angled, or 8-ribbed; (segments each falsely 1-loculed, septum papery, appressed to one side, usually 1-seeded; proximal segment remaining attached to pedicel; terminal segment deciduous by transverse articulation, beaked); valves and replum not distinguishable; ovules (1 or) 2(–4) per ovary; (style absent); stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed. <b>Seeds</b> aseriate or uniseriate, plump or flattened, not winged, (brown), oblong; seed coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent, rarely contorted. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;Europe;Asia (Near East);n Africa;introduced in e Asia (Japan);Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 7 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Cakile is common on sandy beaches of the North Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic, Black, Mediterranean, North, and White seas, the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes, and is naturalized in Australia, Japan, and on the Pacific Coast of North America; one species, C. arabica Velenovsky & Bornmüller, is found in deserts of the Middle East (s Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=barbour1970a
|text=Barbour, M. G. and J. E. Rodman. 1970. Saga of the West Coast sea-rockets: Cakile edentula ssp. californica and C. maritima. Rhodora 72: 370–386.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rodman1974a
|text=Rodman, J. E. 1974. Systematics and evolution of the genus Cakile (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 205: 3–146.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=rodman1980a
|text=Rodman, J. E. 1980. Population variation and hybridization in sea-rockets (Cakile, Cruciferae): Seed glucosinolate characters. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1145–1159.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Proximal fruit segments with 2 opposite, lateral horns distally; leaf blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, margins sinuately lobed or deeply pinnatifid; petals 3-6 mm wide, usually lavender, rarely white.
|[[Cakile maritima|Cakile maritima]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Proximal fruit segments without lateral horns distally; leaf blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or spatulate, margins entire, dentate, sinuate, crenate, or pinnatisect; petals 1.2-4.5 mm wide, white or lavender
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants usually sprawling; leaf blades not especially fleshy; racemes often 3+ dm; petals usually white, rarely lavender, 3-4.5 mm wide.
|[[Cakile lanceolata|Cakile lanceolata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants not or, rarely, sprawling (erect to prostrate); leaf blades usually fleshy; racemes 1-2 dm; petals lavender to white, less than 3 mm wide
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Rachises geniculate in fruit; petals 1.2-1.9 mm wide.
|[[Cakile geniculata|Cakile geniculata]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Rachises not geniculate in fruit; petals 1.3-3 mm wide
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Fruits terete to 4-angled, 3-4 mm wide; beak conic, apex acute.
|[[Cakile constricta|Cakile constricta]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Fruits 8-ribbed, or 4-angled, 5-9 mm wide; beak flattened, apex usually retuse or blunt, rarely acute.
|[[Cakile edentula|Cakile edentula]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cakile
|author=James E. Rodman
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;Europe;Asia (Near East);n Africa;introduced in e Asia (Japan);Australia.
|reference=barbour1970a;rodman1974a;rodman1980a
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_627.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
|genus=Cakile
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]