View source for Actaea rubra

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Actaea rubra
|accepted_authority=(Aiton) Willdenow
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Enum. Pl.
|place=1: 561. 1809
|year=1809
}}
|common_names=Actée rouge
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Actaea spicata var. rubra
|authority=Aiton
|rank=variety
|publication_title=Hort. Kew.
|publication_place=2: 221. 1789
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Actaea arguta
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Actaea eburnea
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Actaea rubra subsp. arguta
|authority=(Nuttall) Hultén
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Actaea neglecta
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Actaea rubra var. dissecta
|authority=Britton
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Actaea viridiflora
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Actaea;Actaea rubra
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Actaea]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Actaea rubra]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Leaf </b>blade: leaflets abaxially glabrous or pubescent. <b>Inflorescences</b> at anthesis often as long as wide, pyramidal. <b>Flowers</b>: petals acute to obtuse at apex; stigma nearly sessile, 0.7-1.2 mm diam. during anthesis, much narrower than ovary. <b>Berries</b> red or white, widely ellipsoid, 5-11 mm; pedicel dull green or brown, slender, 0.3-0.7 mm diam., thinner than axis of raceme. <b>Seeds</b> 2.9-3.6 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring–early summer.
|habitat=Mostly deciduous forests, also mixed coniferous forests, open pine or spruce woodlands, swales, stream banks, and swamps
|elevation=0-3500 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>The "eye" formed by the persistent stigma in <i>Actaea rubra</i> is smaller than that in A.pachypoda.</p><!--
--><p><i>Actaea rubra</i> is part of a circumboreal complex and is very similar to the black-fruited European species <i>A. spicata</i> Linnaeus, with which it is sometimes considered conspecific. The western North American plants of <i>A. rubra</i> have been called A. arguta and were distinguished on the basis of their smaller berries, more pubescent leaves, and narrow, more dissected leaflets. Those distinctions, however, are weak; specimens from the West often have fruits and leaves similar to those of plants from the East. A thorough study of A.spicata in the broad sense, on a worldwide scale, is needed to resolve the delimitation of taxa within this complex.</p><!--
--><p>Plants with white fruit, sometimes distinguished as <i>Actaea rubra</i> forma neglecta (Gillman) H. Robinson, are frequent and are more common than the red-fruited form in many localities.</p><!--
--><p>Native Americans used various preparations made from the roots of <i>Actaea rubra</i> medicinally to treat coughs and colds, sores, hemorrhages, stomachaches, syphilis, and emaciations; preparations from the entire plant as a purgative; and infusions from the stems to increase milk flow. It was also used in various ceremonies (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Actaea rubra
|authority=(Aiton) Willdenow
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Actaea arguta;Actaea eburnea;Actaea rubra subsp. arguta;Actaea neglecta;Actaea rubra var. dissecta;Actaea viridiflora
|basionyms=Actaea spicata var. rubra
|family=Ranunculaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring–early summer.
|habitat=Mostly deciduous forests, also mixed coniferous forests, open pine or spruce woodlands, swales, stream banks, and swamps
|elevation=0-3500 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Enum. Pl.
|publication year=1809
|special status=Endemic;Illustrated;Weedy
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_555.xml
|genus=Actaea
|species=Actaea rubra
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Actaea]]