View source for Oryza

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Oryza
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae;Poaceae tribe Oryzeae;Oryza
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Oryza]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 37
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial; usually aquatic, rooted and emergent or floating, sometimes terrestrial; rhizomatous and/or cespitose; synoecious. <b>Culms</b> to 3.3(5) m, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, aerenchymatous, emergent or immersed, branched or unbranched. <b>Leaves</b> cauline and basal; sheaths open, lower sheaths often slightly inflated, upper sheaths not inflated; auricles usually present; ligules membranous, often veined; pseudopetioles absent; blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, flat, margins smooth or scabridulous. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal panicles; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets in wild taxa, spikelets of cultivated taxa not disarticulating. <b>Spikelets</b> bisexual, laterally compressed, with 3 florets, lower 2 florets sterile, terminal floret functional. <b>Glumes</b> absent or reduced to lobes at the pedicel apices; sterile florets glumelike, 1.2-10 mm, 1/8 - 1/2 (9/10) as long as the spikelets, linear or subulate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous, 1-veined, acute to acuminate; functional florets: calluses usually inconspicuous and flat to rounded, sometimes conspicuous and stipelike, glabrous; lemmas coriaceous or indurate, with vertical rows of tubercles separated by longitudinal furrows, 5-veined, keeled, margins clasping the margins of the paleas, apices obtuse or acute to acuminate, awned or unawned; paleas with surfaces similar to the lemmas, 3-veined, unawned; lodicules 2; anthers 6; styles 2, bases fused or not, stigmas laterally exserted, plumose. <b>Caryopses</b> laterally compressed; embryos usually ¼ - 1/3 as long as the caryopses; hila linear, x = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Va.;Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Okla.;Miss.;Tex.;La.;Calif.;N.C.;Ala.;Tenn.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;S.C.;Fla.;Mo.
|discussion=<p><i>Oryza</i> is a tropical and subtropical genus of about 20 species that grow in shallow water, swamps, and marshes in seasonally inundated areas, or along streams, rivers, or lake edges. <i>Oryza sativa</i> (rice) is one of the three most economically valuable cereals, and constitutes a major portion of the diet for half of the world's population. In the Flora region, <i>O. sativa</i> is cultivated and several weedy forms have become established. These are thought to be derived from introgression between <i>O. sativa</i> and <i>O. rufipogon</i> and <i>O. punctata</i>. The latter two species and <i>O. longistaminata</i> are included here because of the threat they pose to cultivated rice.</p><!--
--><p>Spikelets of <i>Oryza</i> have sometimes been interpreted as comprising one functional and two sterile florets with two highly reduced glumes (Duistermat 1987), sometimes as comprising a single floret, subtended by two glumes borne on a bilobed pedicel (Terrell et al. 2001). Molecular developmental studies (Komatsu et al. 2003) show that the former interpretation is correct.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=duistermaat1987a
|text=Duistermaat, H. 1987. A revision of Oryza (Gramineae) in Malesia and Australia. Blumea 32:157-193
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=komatsu2003a
|text=Komatsu, M., A. Chujo, Y. Nagato, K. Shimamoto, and J. Kyozuka. 2003. FRIZZY PANICLE is required to prevent the formation of axillary meristems and to establish floral meristem identity in rice spikelets. Development 130:3841-3850
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=launert1971a
|text=Launert, E. 1971. Oryza L. Pp. 31-36 in A. Fernande, E. Launert, and H. Wild (eds.). Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 101. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, England. 152 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=londo2006a
|text=Londo, J.P., Y.-C. Chiang, K.-H. Hung, T.-Y. Chiang, and B.A. Schaal. 2006. Phylogeography of Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, reveals multiple independent domestications of cultivated rice, Oryza sativa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. [PNAS] 103(25):9578-9583
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lu2000a
|text=Lu, B.-R., E.B. Naredo, A.B. Juliano, and M.T. Jackson. 2000. Preliminary studies on taxonomy and biosystematics of the AA genome Oryza species (Poaceae). Pp. 51-58 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 406 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=terrell2001a
|text=Terrell, E.E., P.M. Peterson and W.P. Wergin. 2001. Epidermal features and spikelet micromorphology in Oryza and related genera (Poaceae: Oryzeae). Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 91. 50 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=vaughan1989a
|text=Vaughan, D.A. 1989. The Genus Oryza L.-Current Status of Taxonomy. International Rice Research Institute Research Paper Series 138. International Rice Research Institute, Los Bafios, Laguna, Philippines. 21 pp.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ligules truncate to rounded, 1.5-10 mm long; sterile florets 1.2-2 mm long; disarticulation scar centric or slightly eccentric
|[[Oryza punctata|Oryza punctata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Ligules acute, 4-45 mm long; sterile florets 1.3-10 mm long; disarticulation scar lateral.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Anthers 1-2.5 mm long; spikelets persistent; lemmas usually unawned, plants not rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 5 mm long; blades 5-20 mm wide
|[[Oryza sativa|Oryza sativa]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Anthers 3.5-7.4 mm long; spikelets deciduous; lemmas awned; plants usually rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 15 mm long; blades 7-50 mm wide.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Caryopses 5-7 mm long; lemma-awn junctions purplish, pubescent; lemma awns 4-16 cm long; plants cespitose or rhizomatous; auricles absent or to 7 mm long
|[[Oryza rufipogon|Oryza rufipogon]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Caryopses 7.5-8.5 mm long; lemma-awn junctions similar in color to the lemmas, glabrous; lemma awns 2.6-8 cm long; plants strongly rhizomatous; auricles present, to 15 mm long
|[[Oryza longistaminata|Oryza longistaminata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Oryza
|author=Mary E. Barkworth;Edward E. Terrell;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Va.;Puerto Rico;Virgin Islands;Okla.;Miss.;Tex.;La.;Calif.;N.C.;Ala.;Tenn.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;S.C.;Fla.;Mo.
|reference=duistermaat1987a;komatsu2003a;launert1971a;londo2006a;lu2000a;terrell2001a;vaughan1989a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_35.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Ehrhartoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Oryzeae
|genus=Oryza
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Oryzeae]]