View source for Physcomitrium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Physcomitrium
|accepted_authority=(Bridel) Bridel
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bryol. Univ.
|place=2: 815. 1827 ,
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Gymnostomum subg. Physcomitrium
|authority=Bridel
|rank=subgenus
|publication_title=Bryol. Univ.
|publication_place=1: 97. 1826
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Funariaceae;Physcomitrium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Funariaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Physcomitrium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek physa, bladder, and mitrion, little turban, alluding to often urn-like calyptra
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 13, 25, 181, 195, 197
|treatment_page=page 196
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small, scattered to gregarious. <b>Stems</b> 2–10(–25) mm, erect, simple or forked. <b>Leaves</b> crispate to contorted when dry, erect to spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, ovate, to obovate, sometimes concave and cucullate, 1.2–5 mm; margins entire to serrulate distally; apices somewhat blunt, or acute to acuminate; costa single, subpercurrent to short-excurrent; proximal laminal cells elongate-rectangular to rectangular, distal cells rectangular to hexagonal. <b>Sexual</b> condition autoicous, occasionally polygamous; perigonia at apices of short basal or lateral branches, usually with clavate paraphyses; perichaetia at stem apex, with a few filiform paraphyses. <b>Seta</b> erect, 0.5–13(–30) mm. <b>Capsule</b> stegocarpous, erect, immersed to exserted, symmetric, ovoid, globose, pyriform, or campanulate, often urceolate when dry, mouth sometimes flaring, 0.8–3 mm, smooth, neck usually wrinkled when dry; exothecial cells irregularly isodiametric, hexagonal, or oblong, sometimes collenchymatous; a few stomates usually present in neck, superficial; annulus narrow, consisting of 1–2 rows of small cells or revoluble as fragments of large cells; operculum convex to conic, apiculate to rostrate; peristome absent. <b>Calyptra</b> mitrate, deeply split into (2–)3(–4) spreading lobes, long-rostrate, sometimes inflated at the base, usually large, smooth. <b>Spores</b> spherical to subreniform, papillose to spinulose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|discussion=<p><i>Physcomitrium</i> is characterized by erect, symmetrical, and often urn-like capsules that lack peristomes. Infra-species variation of both the sporophyte and gametophyte of <i>Physcomitrium pyriforme</i> has led to many species being described over time in North America.</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 80 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Physcomitrium</i> commonly occurs on exposed soil often associated with spring-wet sites, often on alluvial mud and river banks, from near sea level to ca. 2500 m, and the capsules mature over winter into spring.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Capsules immersed.
|[[Physcomitrium immersum|Physcomitrium immersum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Capsules emergent to exserted
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves entire, rarely with somewhat uneven margins distally; annulus revoluble, composed of large, inflated, mostly deciduous cells.
|[[Physcomitrium hookeri|Physcomitrium hookeri]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves often toothed distally; annulus of small, non-inflated, adherent cells
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Plants 2-4(-5) mm; leaves to 2 mm long; seta 2-3 mm; capsules often shallow and wide-mouthed when dry; suboral cells weakly differentiated, usually consisting of 2-6 rows of irregularly isodiametric cells, spores less than 40 µm.
|[[Physcomitrium collenchymatum|Physcomitrium collenchymatum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Plants commonly 3-10 mm; leaves usually to 2-5 mm; seta mostly 4-14 mm; capsules deeper, rarely wide-mouthed when dry; suboral cells strongly differentiated, consisting of 7-12 rows of transverse-elongate cells, spores typically greater than 40 µm.
|[[Physcomitrium pyriforme|Physcomitrium pyriforme]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Physcomitrium
|author=Terry T. McIntosh
|authority=(Bridel) Bridel
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Gymnostomum subg. Physcomitrium
|family=Funariaceae
|distribution=Temperate North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bryol. Univ.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V27/V27_265.xml
|genus=Physcomitrium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Funariaceae]]