View source for Encelia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Encelia
|accepted_authority=Adanson
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fam. Pl.
|place=2: 128. 1763
|year=1763
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Encelia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Encelia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Christoph Entzelt (Christophorus Enzelius), 1517–1583, German naturalist
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 65, 66, 119, 120
|treatment_page=page 118
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> subshrubs, or shrubs (10–)30–150 cm. <b>Stems</b> erect, usually branched from bases, often throughout (scapiform in <i>E. nutans</i> and <i>E. scaposa</i>). <b>Leaves</b> usually cauline, sometimes basal (<i>E. nutans</i> and <i>E. scaposa</i>); alternate (usually drought-deciduous); petiolate (obscurely in <i>E. scaposa</i>); blades (1- or 3-nerved) mostly deltate, lanceolate, rhombic, or ovate (narrowly oblanceolate to linear in <i>E. scaposa</i>), bases broadly to narrowly cuneate, margins usually entire, rarely toothed, face glabrous or canescent, hirtellous, scabrellous, strigose, or tomentose, often gland-dotted as well. <b>Heads</b> radiate or discoid, borne singly or in ± paniculiform arrays (peduncles usually longer than involucres). <b>Involucres</b> ± hemispheric or broader, 4–22 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 18–30(–50+) in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer shorter). <b>Receptacles</b> flat or convex, paleate (paleae ± conduplicate, folded around and falling with cypselae). <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or 8–25(–40), neuter; corollas yellow. <b>Disc</b> florets 80–100(–200+), bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or brown-purple, tubes shorter than to equaling abruptly expanded throats, lobes 5, triangular. <b>Cypselae</b> strongly compressed, obovate to cuneate (margins ciliate, apices usually ± notched except in <i>E. scaposa</i>, faces usually glabrous except in <i>E. scaposa</i>); pappi usually 0, sometimes readily falling or persistent, of 2 bristlelike awns. <b>x</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;South America.
|discussion=<p>Species 13 or 14 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Encelias commonly hybridize, especially in disturbed areas: <i>Encelia farinosa</i> × <i>E. frutescens</i> is common; <i>E. farinosa</i> × <i>E. californica</i>, <i>E. farinosa</i> × <i>E. actoni</i>, <i>E. actoni</i> × <i>E. frutescens</i>, <i>E. frutescens</i> × <i>E. virginensis</i>, and <i>E. farinosa</i> × <i>Geraea canescens</i> have been reported.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=clark1998a
|text=Clark, C. 1998. Phylogeny and adaptation in the Encelia alliance (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Aliso 17: 89–98.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perennials; leaves all or mostly basal
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Subshrubs or shrubs; leaves cauline
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Ray florets 20–40
|[[Encelia scaposa|Encelia scaposa]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Ray florets 0 (heads nodding in fruit)
|[[Encelia nutans|Encelia nutans]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray florets 0
|[[Encelia frutescens|Encelia frutescens]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Ray florets 8–25
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads in paniculiform arrays; leaves tomentose to strigose
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads borne singly; leaves glabrous or canescent, scabrous, and/or strigose (not tomentose)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves tomentose (branching among heads mainly distal; ray florets 11–21, corolla laminae 8–12 mm)
|[[Encelia farinosa|Encelia farinosa]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves tomentose to strigose (branching among heads mainly proximal; ray florets fewer and smaller)
|[[Encelia farinosa × E. frutescens (see Encelia farinosa)|Encelia farinosa × E. frutescens (see Encelia farinosa)]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves glabrous or glabrate; disc corollas brown (ray laminae lengths 1.5–2 times disc diams.)
|[[Encelia californica|Encelia californica]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves scabrous, strigose, and/or canescent; disc corollas yellow (ray laminae lengths 1–1.2 times disc diams.)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves scabrous to strigose (not canescent)
|[[Encelia resinifera|Encelia resinifera]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves canescent, sometimes strigose as well
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves sparsely canescent and strigose; rays 11–21, laminae 8–15 mm (relatively deeply toothed)
|[[Encelia virginensis|Encelia virginensis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaves ± silvery-canescent (not strigose); rays 14–25, laminae 10–25 mm (relatively shallowly toothed)
|[[Encelia actoni|Encelia actoni]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Encelia
|author=Curtis Clark
|authority=Adanson
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;South America.
|reference=clark1998a
|publication title=Fam. Pl.
|publication year=1763
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_289.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Encelia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]