View source for Grindelia hirsutula

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Grindelia hirsutula
|accepted_authority=Hooker & Arnott
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bot. Beechey Voy.,
|place=147. 1833
|year=1833
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia acutifolia
|authority=Steyermark
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia camporum
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia camporum var. bracteosa
|authority=(J. T. Howell) M. A. Lane
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia camporum var. davyi
|authority=(Jepson) Steyermark
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia camporum var. parviflora
|authority=Steyermark
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia columbiana
|authority=Hooker & Arnott
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia fastigiata
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia hallii
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia hirsutula var. davyi
|authority=(Jepson) M. A. Lane
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia hirsutula var. hallii
|authority=(Steyermark) M. A. Lane
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima
|authority=(Greene) M. A. Lane
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia hirsutula subsp. rubricaulis
|authority=(de Candolle) D. D. Keck
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia humilis
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia inornata
|authority=A. Nelson
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia inornata var. angusta
|authority=Steyermark
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia integrifolia var. macrophylla
|authority=(Greene) Cronquist
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia latifolia
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia latifolia subsp. platyphylla
|authority=(Greene) D. D. Keck
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia macrophylla
|authority=(Pursh) Dunal
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia maritima
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia nana
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia nana var. altissima
|authority=Steyermark
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia nana subsp. columbiana
|authority=Piper
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia nana var. integerrima
|authority=(Rydberg) Steyermark
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia nana var. integrifolia
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia paludosa
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia perennis
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia procera
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia revoluta
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia robusta
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia robusta var. bracteosa
|authority=(J. T. Howell) D. D. Keck
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia robusta var. davyi
|authority=Jepson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia robusta var. platyphylla
|authority=Greene
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia robusta var. rigida
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia rubricaulis
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia rubricaulis var. maritima
|authority=Greene
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia squarrosa var. integrifolia
|authority=(Nuttall) B. Boivin
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia squarrosa var. quasiperennis
|authority=Lunell
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia stricta
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia stricta var. angustifolia
|authority=(A. Gray) M. A. Lane
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia stricta subsp. blakei
|authority=(Steyermark) D. D. Keck
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia stricta var. macrophylla
|authority=(Greene) Steyermark
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia stricta var. platyphylla
|authority=(Greene) M. A. Lane
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Grindelia stricta subsp. venulosa
|authority=(Jepson) D. D. Keck
|rank=subspecies
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Grindelia;Grindelia hirsutula
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Grindelia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Grindelia hirsutula]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 425, 427, 428, 429, 431, 433, 434, 435
|treatment_page=page 432
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials </b>or subshrubs (sometimes flowering first or second year), 8–60(–250+) cm. <b>Stems</b> usually erect, sometimes prostrate, decumbent, or ascending, usually green to stramineous, brown, or reddish, sometimes whitish, arachnose, hirsutulous, puberulous, or villous (sometimes stipitate-glandular as well), or glabrous (then often resinous). <b>Cauline</b> leaf blades usually oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate (broadest at or beyond their midpoints), sometimes ovate, lanceolate, or linear, (5–)10–80(–120+) mm, lengths 2–8+ times widths, bases clasping or cuneate, margins usually serrate to dentate (teeth apiculate to setose), sometimes entire, apices truncate, rounded, or obtuse to acute, faces hirsutulous, puberulous, or villous and little, if at all, gland-dotted, or glabrous (or scabridulous near margins) and sparsely to densely gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> usually in open to crowded, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays, seldom borne singly. <b>Involucres</b> usually broadly urceolate to globose, sometimes hemispheric, campanulate, or obconic, (6–)8–15(–20) × (6–)10–25+ mm (sometimes subtended by leaflike bracts). <b>Phyllaries</b> in 4–8+ series, reflexed to spreading or appressed, filiform or linear to ± lance-attenuate, lanceolate, or lance-oblong, apices usually recurved or straight, sometimes (the outer) looped to hooked or patent, terete or filiform to subulate, or acute, usually all glabrous and moderately to strongly resinous, sometimes all or outer villosulous to hirsutulous and little, if at all, resinous, seldom, if ever, stipitate-glandular. <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or (5–)15–60+; laminae (4–)10–25+ mm. <b>Cypselae</b> whitish or stramineous to brownish or grayish, (2–)4–6(–7) mm, apices usually ± knobby, sometimes coronate, rarely smooth, faces usually smooth, striate, or furrowed, rarely rugose; pappi of 2–3(–6) usually contorted or curled, sometimes straight, usually smooth, rarely barbellulate, subulate scales or setiform awns (1–)4–5(–7) mm, usually shorter than, rarely nearly equaling disc corollas. <b>2n</b> = 12, 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering year round, mostly (May–)Jul–Sep(–Nov).
|habitat=Disturbed sites, forest openings, hillsides, prairies, roadsides, stream banks, ocean beaches and bluffs, tidal marshes, alkaline, alluvial, clay, or sand soils
|elevation=0–2800 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Ill.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;introduced in Mexico (Yucatan).
|discussion=<p>Occurrence of <i>Grindelia hirsutula</i> in Alaska was not verified for this treatment. As circumscribed here, <i>Grindelia hirsutula</i> includes 30 or more reputedly distinct, local, regional, or ecotypic facies that have been named at species or infraspecific rank. Locally, such facies are easily recognized; in a broad view, they intergrade with other facies and are parts of a heterogeneous continuum. Taxonomies that have attempted to recognize the facies as distinct “taxa” have led to almost as many specimens determined as “intermediate” as are assigned to the named “taxa.”</p><!--
--><p>Following, alphabetically by epithet, we have summarized names, diagnostic traits (mostly as given in regional and/or state floras), and distributions for “taxa” treated as distinct in some taxonomies and included within <i>Grindelia hirsutula</i> here:</p><!--
--><p>acutifolia: <i>Grindelia</i> acutifolia; cauline leaf blades firmly membranous, lengths 2.5–5 times widths, phyllary apices looped to hooked, pappi of 2–3, subulate scales; southeastern Colorado, northeastern New Mexico Hybrids between G. acutifolia and <i>G. squarrosa</i> (as G. nuda) have been recorded from the Colorado side of Raton Pass.</p><!--
--><p>altissima: <i>Grindelia</i> nana <i></i>var.<i> altissima</i>; distal cauline leaves smaller and more scattered than proximal, blades about as wide at bases as at mid points, heads relatively few, heights of involucres less than diams.; mostly inner coastal ranges, northern California, southern Oregon. M. A. Lane (1993b) considered altissima to apply to hybrids between davyi and nana.</p><!--
--><p>angusta: <i>Grindelia</i> inornata var. angusta; cauline leaf blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, lengths 3+ times widths, faces inconspicuously gland-dotted, ray florets 0, cypselae stramineous to pale brown; central Colorado.</p><!--
--><p>angustifolia: <i>Grindelia</i> stricta <i></i>var.<i> angustifolia</i>; see humilis.</p><!--
--><p>blakei: <i>Grindelia</i> stricta subsp. blakei; see humilis.</p><!--
--><p>bracteosa: <i>Grindelia</i> bracteosa; G. camporum <i></i>var.<i> bracteosa</i>; G. robusta <i></i>var.<i> bracteosa</i>; stems usually whitish and resinous, lengths of cauline leaf blades 3–5 times widths, phyllary apices usually looped, ray florets 0 or 2–27; southern California. M. A. Lane (1993b) suggested that bracteosa may have derived from hybridization between hirsutula and <i>G. squarrosa</i> (var. serrulata). See also, robusta.</p><!--
--><p>camporum: <i>Grindelia</i> camporum; stems usually whitish and resinous, cauline leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, involucres seldom subtended by bracts, phyllary apices recurved to straight, ray florets 32–39; mostly interior north, central California.</p><!--
--><p>columbiana: <i>Grindelia</i> nana [unranked] columbiana; G. columbiana; ray florets 0, otherwise much like nana; Idaho, Oregon, Washington (mostly Columbia River drainage).</p><!--
--><p>davyi: <i>Grindelia</i> camporum <i></i>var.<i> davyi</i>; <i>G. hirsutula</i> <i></i>var.<i> davyi</i>; G. robusta <i></i>var.<i> davyi</i>; phyllary apices recurved to straight, acuminate, pappi usually ± equaling disc corollas; interior northern California. M. A. Lane (1993b) suggested that davyi may have derived from hybridization between camporum and hirsutula.</p><!--
--><p>fastigiata: <i>Grindelia</i> fastigiata; cauline leaf blades conspicuously gland-dotted, phyllary apices thick, coriaceous, ray florets 0, cypselae brown; western Colorado and eastern Utah. Hybrids between fastigiata and <i>G. squarrosa</i> have been recorded from Utah.</p><!--
--><p>hallii: <i>Grindelia</i> hallii; <i>G. hirsutula</i> <i></i>var.<i> hallii</i>; involucres 8–12 mm diam., phyllary apices slightly recurved and attenuate to nearly straight and deltate, pappi shorter than disc corollas; interior southern California.</p><!--
--><p>hirsutula: <i>Grindelia hirsutula</i>; stems usually green to reddish, ± hirsutulous to arachnose (at least distally), cauline leaf blades usually widest proximal to their midpoints, involucres 12–23 mm diam., often subtended by leaflike bracts, phyllary apices mostly recurved to straight, slightly to moderately resinous, ray florets usually 20–60, laminae 14–20 mm, cypselae usually reddish; mostly coastal ranges of California.</p><!--
--><p>humilis: <i>Grindelia</i> humilis Hooker & Arnott; about the nomenclatural type of G. humilis, M. A. Lane (1992b) stated “...clearly conspecific with <i>G. hirsutula</i>” and she used the name G. stricta <i></i>var.<i> angustifolia</i> for plants others had treated as G. humilis; as used by others, humilis has been applied to subshrubs 100–150 cm with red-brown stems and phyllary apices recurved to nearly straight from tidal lands around San Francisco and Tomales bays in northern California; similar plants but for apices of phyllaries often looped to hooked from around Humboldt Bay in northern California have been called blakei.</p><!--
--><p>inornata: <i>Grindelia</i> inornata; cauline leaf blades oblanceolate or ovate to oblong, lengths 1.5–3 times widths, faces inconspicuously gland-dotted, ray florets 0, cypselae stramineous to pale brown; central Colorado. Hybrids between inornata and <i>G. subalpina</i> have been recorded from Colorado.</p><!--
--><p>integerrima: <i>Grindelia</i> nana var. integerrima; see integrifolia.</p><!--
--><p>integrifolia: <i>Grindelia</i> nana <i></i>var.<i> integrifolia</i> Nuttall (not <i>G. integrifolia</i> de Candolle); <i>G. squarrosa</i> <i></i>var.<i> integrifolia</i>; cauline leaf blades oblanceolate, margins subentire, phyllary apices (at least the outer) looped to hooked, pappi of curled, smooth to barbellulate, subulate scales scarcely longer than cypselae; Idaho, Montana, <i>Nevada</i>, Oregon, Utah, Washington.</p><!--
--><p>latifolia: <i>Grindelia</i> latifolia; stems herbaceous, decumbent to prostrate, leaf blade apices rounded, obtuse, or acute; coastal central and southern California (including Channel Islands).</p><!--
--><p>macrophylla: <i>Grindelia</i> macrophylla; <i>G. integrifolia</i> var. macrophylla; G. stricta var. macrophylla; see stricta.</p><!--
--><p>maritima: <i>G. hirsutula</i> <i></i>var.<i> maritima</i>; G. maritima (Greene) Steyermark; G. rubricaulis <i></i>var.<i> maritima</i>; stems ascending, 30–80 cm, openly branched, involucres 12–25 mm diam., phyllary apices slightly recurved to nearly straight, cypselae golden or grayish, lengths of pappi ± 1/2 disc corollas; coastal central California. M. A. Lane (1993b) suggested that maritima may have derived from hybridization between hirsutula and platyphylla.</p><!--
--><p>nana: <i>Grindelia</i> nana; stems yellowish to reddish, not resinous, cauline leaf blades usually oblanceolate, lengths usually 5–8 times widths, margins entire or (distally) serrate, involucres mostly 7–10 × 9–15 mm, phyllary apices looped or nearly straight; interior British Columbia, northern California, Idaho, western Montana, northern <i>Nevada</i>, Oregon, Washington.</p><!--
--><p>paludosa: <i>Grindelia</i> paludosa; the nomenclatural type may be a hybrid; stems herbaceous, 50–150 cm, cauline leaf blades coriaceous, little, or not at all, gland-dotted, outer phyllary apices looped, strongly resinous; around Suisun Bay, northern California.</p><!--
--><p>parviflora: <i>Grindelia</i> camporum <i></i>var.<i> parviflora</i>; see procera.</p><!--
--><p>perennis: <i>Grindelia</i> perennis; perennials, cauline leaf blades oblong to oblanceolate, lengths 6–8 times widths, margins entire or remotely serrulate, phyllary apices strongly resinous, pappi of 2–4 subulate scales; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Saskatchewan; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, <i>Nevada</i>, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.</p><!--
--><p>platyphylla: <i>Grindelia</i> latifolia subsp. platyphylla; G. robusta var. platyphylla; G. stricta var. platyphylla; stems herbaceous (caudices woody), greenish, decumbent to prostrate, cauline leaf blades widest proximal to mid points, apices rounded to truncate; dunes and coastal bluffs, central and southern California.</p><!--
--><p>procera: <i>Grindelia</i> procera; stems erect, 80–180 cm, strictly branching distally, phyllary apices nearly patent to straight, glabrous, slightly resinous, ray florets 21–45, laminae 8–10 mm; mostly interior central California.</p><!--
--><p>quasiperennis: <i>Grindelia squarrosa</i> var. quasiperennis; see perennis.</p><!--
--><p>revoluta: <i>Grindelia</i> revoluta; perennials (possibly flowering first year), stems glabrous, cauline leaf blades subcoriaceous, thickened, lengths 2.5–5 times widths, margins entire or remotely dentate to denticulate with short, broad teeth, phyllary apices usually looped, strongly resinous, ray florets 21–37, pappi of 2–4 subulate scales; central and south central Colorado.</p><!--
--><p>rigida: <i>Grindelia</i> robusta <i></i>var.<i> rigida</i>; see camporum.</p><!--
--><p>robusta: <i>Grindelia</i> robusta; fide M. A. Lane (1992b), the nomenclatural type of G. robusta is a hybrid that came from a cross between plants assignable to <i>G. hirsutula</i> in the sense of Lane and plants assignable to G. stricta in the sense of Lane. Within Lane’s interpretation and taxonomic constraints, G. robusta cannot be placed in synonymy of the species name of either “parent.” We believe instead that the type of robusta belongs to the “taxon” that has been called bracteosa.</p><!--
--><p>rubricaulis: <i>Grindelia</i> rubricaulis; <i>G. hirsutula</i> subsp. rubricaulis; the type of rubricaulis is very much like the type of hirsutula [see above].</p><!--
--><p>stricta: <i>Grindelia</i> stricta; stems usually green to reddish, prostrate to erect, usually ± hirsutulous to arachnose (at least distally), sometimes glabrous, cauline leaf blades usually widest distal to their midpoints, involucres mostly 10–50 mm diam., sometimes subtended by bracteoles, phyllary apices usually slightly recurved to straight, slightly to moderately resinous, ray florets 30–60, laminae 13–25 mm, scales of pappi 0.3+ mm wide at bases; mostly coastal beaches and marshes; British Columbia, Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington.</p><!--
--><p>venulosa: <i>Grindelia</i> stricta subsp. venulosa; stems procumbent to decumbent, whitish to yellowish, cauline leaf blades fleshy, apices rounded, phyllary apices looped; coastal bluffs and marshes; California, Oregon.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Grindelia hirsutula
|authority=Hooker & Arnott
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Grindelia acutifolia;Grindelia camporum;Grindelia camporum var. bracteosa;Grindelia camporum var. davyi;Grindelia camporum var. parviflora;Grindelia columbiana;Grindelia fastigiata;Grindelia hallii;Grindelia hirsutula var. davyi;Grindelia hirsutula var. hallii;Grindelia hirsutula var. maritima;Grindelia hirsutula subsp. rubricaulis;Grindelia humilis;Grindelia inornata;Grindelia inornata var. angusta;Grindelia integrifolia var. macrophylla;Grindelia latifolia;Grindelia latifolia subsp. platyphylla;Grindelia macrophylla;Grindelia maritima;Grindelia nana;Grindelia nana var. altissima;Grindelia nana subsp. columbiana;Grindelia nana var. integerrima;Grindelia nana var. integrifolia;Grindelia paludosa;Grindelia perennis;Grindelia procera;Grindelia revoluta;Grindelia robusta;Grindelia robusta var. bracteosa;Grindelia robusta var. davyi;Grindelia robusta var. platyphylla;Grindelia robusta var. rigida;Grindelia rubricaulis;Grindelia rubricaulis var. maritima;Grindelia squarrosa var. integrifolia;Grindelia squarrosa var. quasiperennis;Grindelia stricta;Grindelia stricta var. angustifolia;Grindelia stricta subsp. blakei;Grindelia stricta var. macrophylla;Grindelia stricta var. platyphylla;Grindelia stricta subsp. venulosa
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering year round, mostly (May–)Jul–Sep(–Nov).
|habitat=Disturbed sites, forest openings, hillsides, prairies, roadsides, stream banks, ocean beaches and bluffs, tidal marshes, alkaline, alluvial, clay, or sand soils
|elevation=0–2800 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Ill.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;introduced in Mexico (Yucatan).
|reference=None
|publication title=Bot. Beechey Voy.,
|publication year=1833
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_993.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Grindelia
|species=Grindelia hirsutula
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Grindelia]]