View source for Viola affinis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola affinis
|accepted_authority=Leconte
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York
|place=2: 138. 1826
|year=1826
}}
|common_names=Leconte’s or sand violet;violette affine
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola affinis var. subarctica
|authority=J. Rousseau
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. crenulata
|authority=Willdenow
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. sororia subsp. affinis
|authority=(Leconte) R. J. Little
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. sororia var. affinis
|authority=(Leconte) L. E. McKinney
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. subviscosa
|authority=unknown
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. venustula
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola affinis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola affinis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 116, 138, 139
|treatment_page=page 120
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome slender, becoming thick and fleshy with age. <b>Leaves</b> basal, 1–6, ascending to erect; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 2–10 cm, glabrous; blade green abaxially, unlobed, narrowly to broadly ovate or narrowly deltate, 1.5–10 × 1.5–10 cm, not fleshy, base cordate to broadly cordate or almost truncate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces sparsely pubescent adaxially, rarely glabrous. <b>Peduncles</b> 3–15 cm, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lavender-violet to dull reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and darker violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 10–22 mm, usually obviously bearded, rarely beardless, spur white or same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers from prostrate to ascending peduncles. <b>Capsules</b> often reddish or purplish-flecked or green, ellipsoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous or puberulent. <b>Seeds</b> beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 54.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Open or wooded wet areas, meadows, stream banks, thickets, shores of lakes, seasonally dry areas.
|elevation=100–2000 m
|distribution=Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ill.;Ind.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>L. E. McKinney (1992) considered Viola affinis, and much of what botanists had called V. nephrophylla, to be essentially the same taxon. After studying additional specimens, reviewing literature (H. E. Ballard 1994; A. Haines 2001b), and discussions with others (J. Cayouette, H. E. Ballard, A. Haines, pers. comm.), he chose to maintain these as separate taxa. Reports of V. affinis in the Gulf coastal states based on specimens or photographs are usually attributable to V. missouriensis.</p><!--
--><p>Viola affinis reportedly hybridizes with V. hirsutula (= V. ×consobrina House), V. cucullata (= V. ×consocia House), V. brittoniana (= V. ×davisii House), V. sororia (= V. ×filicetorum Greene [as species]), V. sagittata var. sagittata (= V. ×hollickii House), and V. nephrophylla (= V. ×subaffinis House).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola affinis
|author=
|authority=Leconte
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola affinis var. subarctica;V. crenulata;V. sororia subsp. affinis;V. sororia var. affinis;V. subviscosa;V. venustula
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Open or wooded wet areas, meadows, stream banks, thickets, shores of lakes, seasonally dry areas.
|elevation=100–2000 m
|distribution=Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ill.;Ind.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York
|publication year=1826
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_196.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola affinis
}}<!--

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