View source for Tragopogon

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Tragopogon
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 789. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 346. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Tragopogon
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Tragopogon]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek tragos, goat, and pogon, beard; probably alluding to pappi
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 215, 304
|treatment_page=page 303
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Biennials </b>(sometimes winter annuals) [perennials], (15–)50–150 cm; taprooted. <b>Stems</b> 1(–5), erect, usually branched proximally, glabrous or tomentulose to floccose [lanate], often glabrescent. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; sessile; blades linear to lance-linear or lance-attenuate (grasslike) [lanceolate to oblong], (bases clasping) margins entire (faces glabrous or tomentulose to floccose [lanate], often glabrescent). <b>Heads</b> borne singly (terminal). <b>Peduncles</b> often inflated distally (not in <i>T. pratensis</i>), ebracteate. <b>Calyculi</b> 0. <b>Involucres</b> campanulate [cylindric] (at flowering), mostly 10–20+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually [5–7] 8–12 [13–16] in 1 series, linear-lanceolate, triangular-lanceolate [oblong-lanceolate], linear, ± equal, margins white, narrowly pellucid, apices acute (faces glabrous [with intertwining hairs]). <b>Receptacles</b> convex, smooth, glabrous, epaleate. <b>Florets</b> (30–)50–180+; corollas yellow or purple (proximally yellow, distally purple in <i>T. mirus</i>) (± deliquescent). <b>Cypselae</b> dark to pale brown, stramineous, whitish, bodies ± fusiform to cylindric, usually beaked, beaks concolorous with, or paler than bodies, abrupt to gradually tapered, 5–10-ribbed (ribs usually muricate, prickly, or scaly), faces usually glabrous, sometimes scaley or muricate; pappi (usually borne on discs at tips of beaks) persistent, of 12–20+, brownish to whitish, basally connate, ± plumose, subequal to unequal awns or subulate scales, in 1 series (lateral barbs or setulae often ± intertwined). <b>x</b> = 6.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;n Africa;introduced in Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 100–150 (5, including 2 amphidiploids, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Tragopogon</i> is weedy in North America. Allotetraploids <i>T. mirus</i> and <i>T. miscellus</i> are native to the United States. The heads of tragopogons usually open early mornings and close by midday.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=cook1998a
|text=Cook, L. M., P. S. Soltis, S. J. Brunsfeld, and D. E. Soltis. 1998. Multiple independent formations of Tragopogon tetraploids (Asteraceae): Evidence from RAPD markers. Molec. Ecol. 7: 1293–1302.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mavrodiev2005a
|text=Mavrodiev, E. V. et al. 2005. Phylogeny of Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae) based on ITS and ETS sequence data. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 166: 117–133.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=novak1991a
|text=Novak, S. J., D. E. Soltis, and P. S. Soltis. 1991. Ownbey’s tragopogons: Forty years later. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1586–1600.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ownbey1950a
|text=Ownbey, M. 1950c. Natural hybridization and amphiploidy in the genus Tragopogon. Amer. J. Bot. 37: 487–499.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=soltis1995a
|text=Soltis, P. S., G. M. Plunkett, S. J. Novak, and D. E. Soltis. 1995. Genetic variation in Tragopogon species: Additional origins of the allotetraploids T. mirus and T. miscellus (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot. 82: 1329–1341.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=soltis2004a
|text=Soltis, D. E. et al. 2004. Recent and recurrent polyploidy in Tragopogon (Asteraceae): Cytogenetic, genomic, and genetic comparisons. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 82: 485–501.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas wholly or distally purple (to brownish purple in T. mirus); leaf apices straight
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas yellow; leaf apices straight or recurved to coiled
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf faces usually glabrous; corollas wholly purple (2n = 12)
|[[Tragopogon porrifolius|Tragopogon porrifolius]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf faces initially tomentulose to floccose, soon glabrescent; corollas each proximally yellowish, distally purple to brownish purple (2n = 24)
|[[Tragopogon mirus|Tragopogon mirus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf apices usually recurved to coiled; peduncles usually little, if at all, inflated (at flowering); involucres urceolate in bud; outer florets equaling or surpassing phyllaries (2n = 12)
|[[Tragopogon pratensis|Tragopogon pratensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf apices straight or recurved to coiled; peduncles distally inflated; involucres conic to urceolate in bud; outer florets usually not surpassing phyllaries (2n = 12 or 24)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf apices usually straight (not recurved to coiled); outer florets usually much shorter than phyllaries (2n = 12)
|[[Tragopogon dubius|Tragopogon dubius]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf apices usually recurved to coiled; outer florets usually slightly shorter than phyllaries (equaling or surpassing phyllaries in population from Pullman, Washington; 2n = 24)
|[[Tragopogon miscellus|Tragopogon miscellus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Tragopogon
|author=Pamela S. Soltis
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Eurasia;n Africa;introduced in Australia.
|introduced=true
|reference=cook1998a;mavrodiev2005a;novak1991a;ownbey1950a;soltis1995a;soltis2004a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_447.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Tragopogon
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]