View source for Linaria maroccana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Linaria maroccana
|accepted_authority=Hooker f.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bot. Mag.
|place=98: plate 5983. 1872
|year=1872
}}
|common_names=Moroccan toadflax
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Linaria;Linaria maroccana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Linaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Linaria maroccana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 28, 33
|treatment_page=page 32
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> not reproducing vegetatively by stolons. <b>Fertile</b> stems erect, 7–70 cm; sterile stems to 13.5 cm. <b>Leaves</b> of fertile stems: blade linear, flat, 5–35 × 1–5 mm, apex acute or subobtuse. <b>Racemes</b> 1–41-flowered, lax or dense, rachis glandular-hairy, hairs 0.1–0.7 mm; bracts linear to lanceolate, 4–9 × 0.5–2 mm. <b>Pedicels</b> erect, 4–9 mm in flower, 5–13 mm in fruit. <b>Calyx</b> lobes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3–4.5 × 1–2 mm in flower, 3.5–6 × 1–2.5 mm in fruit, apex acute or subacute. <b>Corollas</b> purple or red, with yellow or red palate, 22–29 mm; tube 2–3.5 mm wide, spurs straight or curved, 12–17 mm, longer than rest of corolla, abaxial lip sinus 1–2 mm, adaxial lip sinus 3–6 mm. <b>Styles</b> 2-fid; stigma with 2 discrete areas. <b>Capsules</b> oblong, 4–6 × 3–5.2 mm, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent; loculi subequal to unequal. <b>Seeds</b> dark gray to black, reniform or trigonous-pyriform, 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, with ± conspicuous transverse ridges; wing absent. <b>2n</b> = 12 (Africa).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Aug.
|habitat=Roadsides, grasslands, dry fields.
|elevation=0–1200 m.
|distribution=Que.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Conn.;Fla.;Maine;Mass.;N.H.;N.Y.;Va.;n Africa (Morocco);introduced also in n Europe;Australia.
|discussion=<p><i>Linaria maroccana</i> has also been collected in British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington; the populations have not persisted.</p><!--
--><p>The identity of the plants that have been called <i>Linaria maroccana</i> in North America is controversial. Typical specimens of <i>L. maroccana</i> have fruits strongly asymmetric, with the adaxial loculus continuing beyond the stylar base and curving over the abaxial loculus. The American plants are unusual in having fruits with unequal loculi, with the adaxial loculus usually not curving over the abaxial loculus. The specimens studied probably correspond to cultivated forms (sometimes sold under the name <i>L. maroccana</i> hort.) of hybrid origin between <i>L. maroccana</i> and species of sect. Versicolores [<i>L. bipartita</i>, L. gharbensis Battandier & Pitard, and L. incarnata (Ventenat) Sprengel]. A possible name for these plants would be L. versicolor (Jacquin) Chazelles (<i>Antirrhinum</i> versicolor Jacquin); this issue is, at present, somewhat confusing. The identity of this taxon is not well established, and this name is not currently used in any modern treatment of <i>Linaria</i>. See D. A. Sutton (1988) for more information about the name L. versicolor.</p><!--
--><p><i>Linaria</i> pinifolia (Poiret) Thellung, a perennial species endemic to northern Africa, has been reported (for example, http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/search?lang=en; B. G. Baldwin et al. 2012) from North America. All the examined specimens labeled as L. pinifolia appear to be assignable to <i>L. maroccana</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Linaria maroccana
|authority=Hooker f.
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Aug.
|habitat=Roadsides, grasslands, dry fields.
|elevation=0–1200 m.
|distribution=Que.;Sask.;Ariz.;Calif.;Conn.;Fla.;Maine;Mass.;N.H.;N.Y.;Va.;n Africa (Morocco);introduced also in n Europe;Australia.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Bot. Mag.
|publication year=1872
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_115.xml
|genus=Linaria
|species=Linaria maroccana
}}<!--

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