View source for Euphorbia helioscopia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Euphorbia helioscopia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 459. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Sun or summer spurge;wartweed;euphorbe réveille-matin
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Galarhoeus helioscopius
|authority=(Linnaeus) Haworth
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tithymalus helioscopius
|authority=(Linnaeus) Hill
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Euphorbia;Euphorbia subg. Esula;Euphorbia helioscopia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Euphorbia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Euphorbia subg. Esula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Euphorbia helioscopia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 296
|treatment_page=page 303
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, with taproot. <b>Stems</b> erect, unbranched or branched, 5–45 cm, usually glabrous or sparsely pilose. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole absent or to 0.5 mm; blade obovate-spatulate, 4–40 × 2–25 mm, base cuneate, attenuate, or auriculate, margins serrulate, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. <b>Cyathial</b> arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches (3–)5, each 1–2 times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts obovate, wider than distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct, obovate or rhombic, ± oblique, base rounded, truncate, or attenuate, margins serrulate, apex rounded; axillary cymose branches 0. <b>Cyathia</b>: peduncle 0.2–1 mm. <b>Involucre</b> cupulate, 1.5–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, glabrous; glands 4, elliptic, 0.2–0.5 × 0.5–1 mm; horns absent. <b>Staminate</b> flowers 10–15. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: ovary glabrous; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid. <b>Capsules</b> depressed-globose, 2.5–4 × 3.2–4.2 mm, clearly 3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, glabrous; columella 0.9–1.1 mm. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown to blackish, subovoid, 1.6–2.2 × 1.5–1.9 mm, reticulate; caruncle elliptic, 0.9–1.1 × 0.4–0.5 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–fall.
|habitat=Roadsides, waste places.
|elevation=0–1400 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;Asia;n Africa;introduced also in South America (Argentina;Chile).
|discussion=<p><i>Euphorbia helioscopia</i> was collected once in Minnesota in the late 1800s but apparently did not become established there.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Euphorbia helioscopia
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Galarhoeus helioscopius;Tithymalus helioscopius
|basionyms=
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–fall.
|habitat=Roadsides, waste places.
|elevation=0–1400 m.
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;Asia;n Africa;introduced also in South America (Argentina;Chile).
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Weedy;Introduced
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_736.xml
|genus=Euphorbia
|subgenus=Euphorbia subg. Esula
|species=Euphorbia helioscopia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Euphorbia subg. Esula]]