View source for Stillingia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Stillingia
|accepted_authority=Garden in C. Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mant. Pl.
|place=1: 19, 126. 1767
|year=1767
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Stillingia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Stillingia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Benjamin Stillingfleet, 1702–1771, British botanist
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 157, 158, 159, 234
|treatment_page=page 233
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], annual or perennial, monoecious; hairs absent [rarely glandular]; latex white. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, alternate, opposite, or subopposite [whorled], simple; stipules absent or present, persistent; petiole absent or present, glands absent [small sessile gland at apex]; blade unlobed, margins entire, dentate, crenate, serrulate, or spinulose-dentate, laminar glands absent; venation pinnate. <b>Inflorescences</b> bisexual (pistillate flowers proximal, staminate distal), terminal, spikes or spikelike thyrses; glands subtending each bract 2. <b>Pedicels</b> absent. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals 2, imbricate, connate basally; petals 0; nectary absent; stamens 2, connate basally; pistillode absent. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: sepals 0 or [2–]3, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent; pistil [2–]3-carpellate; styles 3 [rarely 2], connate proximally, unbranched. <b>Fruits</b> capsules base persisting as [2–]3-lobed gynobase, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> globose, ovoid, ellipsoid, or cylindric, ± flattened or depressed at hilar end; outer seed coat dry; caruncle absent or present. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=s United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (Fiji Islands).
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 33 (7 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Stillingia</i> is distributed primarily in the warmer regions of the western hemisphere, with a major center of diversity extending from the southwestern United States through Mexico to northern Central America and another occupying the region of southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Paraguay. Other New World species occur in Peru, southern Central America, and the southeastern United States. Outside of the western hemisphere, there are three species in Madagascar and one in Fiji. Among species in the flora area, only <i>S. sylvatica</i> is widespread, ranging throughout much of the southern United States from Virginia to New Mexico.</p><!--
--><p><i>Stillingia</i> is one of the more distinctive genera in the tribe Hippomaneae A. Jussieu ex Spach, which are generally characterized by the presence of white latex and by terminal or axillary spikelike inflorescences with one or more solitary basal pistillate flowers. Among these genera, <i>Stillingia</i> is distinguished by the presence of a gynobase, the hardened proximal portion of the ovary that remains as a 3-parted (or 2-parted in a few species outside the flora area) persistent base attached to the pedicel after dehiscence of the fruit. The circumscription of <i>Stillingia</i> has remained essentially unchanged since 1880, when Bentham first recognized the importance of the gynobase as the most important distinguishing character (D. J. Rogers 1951).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=rogers1951a
|text=Rogers, D. J. 1951. A revision of Stillingia in the New World. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38: 207–259.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Staminate flowers in 3–15-flowered cymules; sepals of pistillate flowers 3, well developed, persistent; seeds with caruncles.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Shrubs with taproots.
|[[Stillingia aquatica|Stillingia aquatica]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Herbs or subshrubs with woody caudices or rhizomes.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, to obovate or oblanceolate, teeth without prominent blackened tips, incurved; capsules 6–12 mm diam.
|[[Stillingia sylvatica|Stillingia sylvatica]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, teeth with prominent blackened tips, not incurved; capsules 6–8 mm diam.
|[[Stillingia texana|Stillingia texana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Staminate flowers 1 per node; sepals of pistillate flowers 0 or 3, minute and fugacious; seeds with or without caruncles.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades linear, margins entire or remotely minutely denticulate.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pistillate flowers widely spaced; glands of pistillate bracts long-stalked; seeds without caruncles.
|[[Stillingia linearifolia|Stillingia linearifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pistillate flowers crowded; glands of pistillate bracts sessile; seeds with minute caruncles.
|[[Stillingia paucidentata|Stillingia paucidentata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades elliptic, elliptic-spatulate, or obovate-spatulate, margins spinulose-dentate.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves opposite or subopposite, stipules absent, blade apices acuminate; inflorescences sessile, 1–1.2(–2) cm; glands of pistillate bracts long-stalked; seeds without caruncles.
|[[Stillingia spinulosa|Stillingia spinulosa]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves alternate, stipules present, blade apices rounded to obtuse; inflorescences pedunculate, 2.5–5 cm; glands of pistillate bracts ± sessile; seeds with minute caruncles.
|[[Stillingia treculiana|Stillingia treculiana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Stillingia
|author=Michael J. Huft
|authority=Garden in C. Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|distribution=s United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (Fiji Islands).
|reference=rogers1951a
|publication title=Mant. Pl.
|publication year=1767
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_456.xml
|genus=Stillingia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]