View source for Cornus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cornus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 117. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Dogwood
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cornaceae;Cornus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cornaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cornus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin cornu, horn, alluding to the hard wood
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 444
|treatment_page=page 443
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> shrubs, or trees, clonal from rhizomes, rooting from decumbent branches, or aclonal; hairs 1-celled, arms either short and ornamented with micropapillae and calcium carbonate crystals, or long, erect, curling, and twisted. <b>Leaves</b>: blade lanceolate to broadly ovate; abaxial surface often papillate. <b>Inflorescences</b>: bracts adnate to inflorescence branches, distal portion either minute and caducous or expanding into showy, nonchlorophyllous involucres. <b>Pedicels</b> present or absent. <b>Flowers</b>: hypanthium turbinate or urceolate; petals spreading or recurved, usually cream, rarely purple; stamens exserted; anthers dorsifixed, versatile. <b>Drupes</b> globose, subglobose, or ellipsoid, slightly fleshy. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;n;w South America;Eurasia;Africa;predominately northern boreal and temperate regions;also high elevations in subtropical and tropical regions.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 60 (20 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Cornus</i> as treated here is a monophyletic genus (Z. E. Murrell 1993; Xiang Q. Y. et al. 2006) that has at various times been more narrowly circumscribed by other authors who have chosen to recognize morphological variation in this diverse group as worthy of generic segregation [for example, Arctocrania (Endlicher) Nakai, Benthamia Lindley (not A. Richard), Benthamidia Spach, Chamaepericlymenum Hill, Cynoxylon (Rafinesque) Small, Eukrania Rafinesque, Macrocarpium (Spach) Nakai, Swida Opiz, and Thelycrania (Dumortier) Fourreau]. <i>Cornus</i> is retained here as a coherent group, maintaining subgenera as more appropriate biological units for recognition of this variation.</p><!--
--><p>Some North American members of <i>Cornus</i> are susceptible to fungal pathogens that may cause severe species decline, such as Dogwood Anthracnose (Discula destructiva) in association with <i>C. florida</i> and <i>C. nuttallii</i>, or the less virulent but still destructive Cryptodiaporthe Canker (Cryptodiaporthe corni), which is restricted to <i>C. alternifolia</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=eyde1988a
|text=Eyde, R. H. 1988. Comprehending Cornus: Puzzles and progress in the systematics of dogwoods. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 54: 233–351.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ferguson1966a
|text=Ferguson, I. K. 1966. Notes on the nomenclature of Cornus. J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 100–105.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ferguson1966b
|text=Ferguson, I. K. 1966b. The Cornaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 106–116.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=murrell1992a
|text=Murrell, Z. E. 1992. Systematics of the Genus Cornus (Cornaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. Duke University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=murrell1993a
|text=Murrell, Z. E. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships in Cornus (Cornaceae). Syst. Bot. 18: 469–495.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Bracts petaloid, subtending inflorescences.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennial herbs; inflorescences congested cymes; pedicels present.
|[[Cornus subg. Arctocrania|Cornus subg. Arctocrania]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Trees; inflorescences capitula; pedicels absent.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Drupes within inflorescence fused into a syncarp.
|[[Cornus subg. Syncarpea|Cornus subg. Syncarpea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Drupes distinct.
|[[Cornus subg. Cynoxylon|Cornus subg. Cynoxylon]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Bracts not petaloid, subtending inflorescences or not.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Inflorescences umbels, bracts well developed, subtending inflorescence and enclosing it over winter.
|[[Cornus subg. Cornus|Cornus subg. Cornus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Inflorescences cymes, bracts minute, subtending primary and secondary inflorescence branches.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Branches and leaves alternate; stone apex with cavity.
|[[Cornus subg. Mesomora|Cornus subg. Mesomora]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Branches and leaves usually opposite, rarely whorled, subopposite, or alternate at some nodes; stone apex rounded, pointed, or with slight dimple.
|[[Cornus subg. Thelycrania|Cornus subg. Thelycrania]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cornus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cornaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;n;w South America;Eurasia;Africa;predominately northern boreal and temperate regions;also high elevations in subtropical and tropical regions.
|reference=eyde1988a;ferguson1966a;ferguson1966b;murrell1992a;murrell1993a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_1046.xml
|genus=Cornus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cornaceae]]