View source for Rhamnus utilis var. utilis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rhamnus utilis var. utilis
|accepted_authority=
|publications=
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rhamnaceae;Rhamnus;Rhamnus utilis;Rhamnus utilis var. utilis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rhamnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rhamnus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rhamnus utilis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>variety</small>[[Rhamnus utilis var. utilis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 51
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, 1–4 m, armed with thorns. <b>Branchlets</b> brown to purple-red, glabrate. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, opposite to subopposite, sometimes fascicled on short shoots; petiole 5–15 mm; blade light green abaxially, glossy darker green adaxially, commonly yellowish or pale in age, oblong to elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, (4–)6–11(–13) cm, usually (2.5–)2.8–3.5(–3.8) times longer than wide, subcoriaceous, base cuneate, margins serrulate to crenate-serrate, apex acute, abaxial surface puberulent along veins or at least in vein axils, hairs wavy or curled, yellow, adaxial surface glabrous; secondary veins (4–)5–7(–8) pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle. <b>Inflorescences</b> fascicles. <b>Pedicels</b> 5–10 mm. <b>Sepals</b> 4. <b>Petals</b> 4. <b>Drupes</b> black, globose to subglobose, 5–7 mm; stones 2.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Old fields, thickets, meadows, degraded woods, woods edges, commonly with Rhamnus cathartica and R. davurica.
|elevation=200–300 m.
|distribution=Conn.;Ill.;Iowa;Mich.;Ohio;Asia (China;Japan;Korea).
|discussion=<p>According to E. G. Voss (1972–1996, vol. 2), some plants of <i>Rhamnus utilis</i> in Michigan are similar to forms of <i>R. davurica</i> and perhaps represent hybrids between the two. Hybridization between <i>R. cathartica</i> and <i>R. utilis</i> has been documented (N. L. Gil-Ad and A. A. Reznicek 1997).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rhamnus utilis var. utilis
|authority=
|rank=variety
|parent rank=species
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rhamnaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Old fields, thickets, meadows, degraded woods, woods edges, commonly with Rhamnus cathartica and R. davurica.
|elevation=200–300 m.
|distribution=Conn.;Ill.;Iowa;Mich.;Ohio;Asia (China;Japan;Korea).
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_242.xml
|genus=Rhamnus
|species=Rhamnus utilis
|variety=Rhamnus utilis var. utilis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rhamnus utilis]]