View source for Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae
|accepted_authority=Burmeist.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 6
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--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually perennial; cespitose or not, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. <b>Culms</b> 15-1000 cm, annual, herbaceous to somewhat woody, internodes usually hollow. <b>Leaves</b> usually mostly cauline, often conspicuously distichous; sheaths usually open; auricles usually absent; abaxial ligules usually absent (of hairs in Hakonechloa); adaxial ligules membranous or of hairs, if membranous, often ciliate; blades without pseudopetioles, sometimes deciduous at maturity; mesophyll usually non-radiate (radiate in Amnio); adaxial palisade layer absent; fusoid cells absent; arm cells usually absent (present in Phragmites); Kranz anatomy absent; midribs simple; adaxial bulliform cells present; stomatal subsidiary cells low dome-shaped or triangular; bicellular microhairs usually present, usually with long, narrow terminal cells; papillae usually absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> usually terminal, ebracteate, usually paniculate, occasionally spicate or racemose. <b>Spikelets</b> laterally compressed, with 1-several bisexual florets or all florets unisexual and the species dioecious; florets 1-several, terete or laterally compressed, distal florets often reduced; disarticulation above the glumes. <b>Glumes</b> 2, from shorter than the adjacent lemmas to exceeding the distal florets; lemmas (3)5-7-veined, lanceolate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, sometimes awned; awns 1 or 3, if 3 not fused into a single basal column; paleas subequal to the lemmas; lodicules 2, usually free, occasionally joined at the base, fleshy, usually glabrous, not, scarcely, or heavily vascularized; anthers (1)2-3; ovaries glabrous; styles 2, usually free, bases close together. <b>Caryopses</b> usually punctate (long-linear in Molinia); endosperm hard, without lipid; starch grains compound; haustorial synergids absent; embryos usually large compared to the caryopses, waisted or not; epiblasts absent; scutellar cleft present; mesocotyl internode elongate; embryonic leaf margins usually meeting (overlapping in Hakonechloa). <b>x</b> = 6,9, 10, 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|discussion=<p>The Arundinoideae are interpreted here as including only one tribe, the Arundineae. The tribe used to be interpreted more broadly (e.g., Watson et al. 1985; Clayton and Renvoize 1986; Kellogg and Campbell 1987), but the broader interpretation was generally acknowledged to be somewhat artificial. Hsiao et al. (1998) showed support for inclusion of the Danthonieae, Aristideae, and Amndineae in a more broadly interpreted Arundinoideae, but other studies (e.g., Hilu et al. 1990; Barker et al. 1995, 1998; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001) have failed to support such a treatment.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=barker1995a
|text=Barker, N.P., H.P. Linder, and E.H. Harley. 1995. Polyphyly of Arundinoideae (Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:423-435
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=barker1998a
|text=Barker, N.P., H.P. Linder, and E.H. Harley. 1998. Sequences of the grass-specific insert in the chloroplast rpoC2 gene elucidate generic relationships of the Arundinoideae (Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 23:327-350
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=clark1995c
|text=Clark, L.G., W. Zhang, and J.F. Wendel. 1995. A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae) based on ndhV sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:436-460
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=clayton1986b
|text=Clayton, W.D. and S.A. Renvoize. 1986. Genera Graminum: Grasses of the World. Kew Bull, Addit. Ser. 13. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=conert1987a
|text=Conert, H.J. 1987. Current concepts in the systematics of the Arundinoideae. Pp. 239-250 in T.R. Soderstrom, K.W Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.). Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 473 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=group2000b
|text=Grass Phylogeny Working Group. 2000. A phylogeny of the grass family (Poaceae), as inferred from eight character sets. Pp. 3-7 in S.W.L. Jacobs and J. Everett (eds.). Grasses: Systematics and Evolution. International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution (3rd:1998). CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 408 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=group2001a
|text=Grass Phylogeny Working Group. 2001. Phylogeny and subfamilial classification of the grasses (Poaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88:373-457
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hilu1990a
|text=Hilu, K.W. and A. Esen. 1990. Prolamin and immunological studies in the Poaceae. I. Subfamily Arundinoideae. PI. Syst. Evol. 173:57-70
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hsaio1998a
|text=Hsaio,'c, S.W.L. Jacobs, N.P. Barker, and N.J. Chatterton. 1998. A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Arundinoideae (Poaceae) based on sequences of rDNA (ITS). Austral. Syst. Bot. 11:41-52
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kellogg1987a
|text=Kellogg, E.A. and C.S. Campbell. 1987. Phylogenetic analyses of the Gramineae. Pp. 310-322 in T.R. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell and M.E. Barkworth (eds.) Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 473 pp.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=linder1997a
|text=Linder, H.P., G.A. Verboom, and N.P. Barker. 1997. Phylogeny and evolution in the Crinipes group of grasses (Arundinoideae: Poaceae). Kew Bull. 52:91-110
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=watson1985b
|text=Watson, L., H.T. Clifford, and M.J. Dallwitz. 1985. The classification of the Poaceae: Subfamilies and supertribes. Austral. J. Bot. 33:433-484
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=watson1992b
|text=Watson, L. and M.J. Dallwitz. 1992. The Grass Genera of the World. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, England. 1038 pp.
}}
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae
|author=Grass Phylogeny Working Group; Kelly W. Allred;
|authority=Burmeist.
|rank=subfamily
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|reference=barker1995a;barker1998a;clark1995c;clayton1986b;conert1987a;group2000b;group2001a;hilu1990a;hsaio1998a;kellogg1987a;linder1997a;watson1985b;watson1992b
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/314eb390f968962f596ae85f506b4b3db8683b1b/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_14.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Arundinoideae
}}<!--

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