View source for Filipendula

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Filipendula
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 1. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Meadowsweet;dropwort;filipendule
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Thecanisia
|authority=Rafinesque
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ulmaria
|authority=Miller
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Ulmarieae;Filipendula
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Ulmarieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Filipendula]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin filum, thread, and pendulus, hanging, alluding to root tubers of F. vulgaris hanging together with threads
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 20, 24, 27
|treatment_page=page 23
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, 5–25 dm; rhizomatous. <b>Stems</b> 1–10, erect, simple, leafy, glabrous or hairy. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous by or persistent to flowering, basal and cauline; stipules ovate to elliptic or round, herbaceous, base auriculate or not, margins dentate; petiole present; blade pinnate, 10–40 cm, herbaceous, lateral leaflets 1–17 pairs (with smaller, interspersed leaflets between them in <i>F. ulmaria</i>), sometimes absent (in <i>F. occidentalis</i>), lanceolate or ovate to elliptic, unlobed or palmately lobed, terminal leaflets palmately 3–9-lobed, margins flat, dentate, serrate, or doubly serrate, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely short-hairy to tomentose, adaxial glabrous or sparsely short-hairy. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, usually 100+-flowered, dense to lax, corymbiform panicles with nearly erect proximal branches overtopping central axis (anthela), glabrous or hairy; bracts absent; bracteoles absent. <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Flowers</b> 8–15 mm diam.; hypanthium 1 mm, glabrous; sepals (4–)5–6(–9), reflexed, spatulate to triangular; petals (4–)5–6(–9), white to cream or pink to purple, oblanceolate or obovate to orbiculate; stamens 20–30, shorter to longer than petals; carpels stipitate or sessile, glabrous or ciliate to hirsute, styles persistent. <b>Fruits</b> aggregated achenes, 3–18, ± flattened, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3–14 mm, margins ciliate or glabrous, faces hairy or glabrous; hypanthium persistent, in some species becoming convex in fruit; sepals persistent, reflexed. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Eurasia;n Africa;introduced in Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species 15 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>According to the results of molecular phylogenetic researches (D. R. Morgan et al. 1994; T. Eriksson et al. 2003), <i>Filipendula</i> is phylogenetically the basal genus of subfam. Rosoideae. This readily explains its previously controversial and long-disputed position in <i>Rosaceae</i>; for a long time <i>Filipendula</i> was regarded as part of <i>Spiraea</i> (C. J. Maximowicz 1879; D. B. O. Savile 1968). No taxon closely related to <i>Filipendula</i> is known.</p><!--
--><p>The inflorescence shape is one of the most characteristic features of the genus; it is called an anthela and represents a corymbiform panicle with the proximal branches nearly upright and long overriding the central axis of the inflorescence (A. A. Fedorov and Z. Artjuschenko 1979).</p><!--
--><p>A number of species of <i>Filipendula</i> are used as ornamentals. They have attractive, dense inflorescences of pink to purplish or white flowers and rather decorative, deeply dissected foliage. Among ornamental species, the Japanese F. ×purpurea Maximowicz, the North American <i>F. rubra</i>, and the Eurasian <i>F. ulmaria</i> are noteworthy; these are plants of wet habitats and are mostly used in gardens to fringe ponds. In <i>F. ulmaria</i>, cultivars with double flowers are known. Both <i>F. ulmaria</i> and <i>F. vulgaris</i> were introduced to North America by early colonists, probably as ornamentals.</p><!--
--><p><i>Filipendula ulmaria</i> is of interest as a medicinal plant; its flowers contain tannins, salicylates, and heparin-like compounds, and were tested for anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities (O. D. Barnaulov and P. P. Denisenko 1980; B. A. Kudriashov et al. 1990, 1991). <i>Filipendula rubra</i> has been reported to have similar properties (S. Foster and J. A. Duke 1990).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=savile1968a
|text=Savile, D. B. O. 1968. Parasite relationships and disposition of Filipendula. Brittonia 20: 230–231.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=schanzer1994a
|text=Schanzer, I. A. 1994. Taxonomic revision of the genus Filipendula Mill. (Rosaceae). J. Jap. Bot. 69: 290–319.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Root tubers present; basal leaves 3–6(–7), persistent to flowering; lateral leaflets in 7–17 pairs; petals (5–)6–7(–9); achenes densely appressed-hairy throughout.
|[[Filipendula vulgaris|Filipendula vulgaris]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Root tubers absent; basal leaves 1 or 2, deciduous by flowering; lateral leaflets in 1–5 pairs, sometimes absent in F. occidentalis; petals (4–)5(–6); achenes glabrous or sutures ciliate
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petals pink to purple, margins unevenly toothed; plants strongly rhizomatous, forming irregular patches; lateral leaflets 2–3-lobed; terminal leaflets 7–9-lobed.
|[[Filipendula rubra|Filipendula rubra]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petals white to cream, margins entire; plants cespitose or weakly rhizomatous; lateral leaflets not lobed; terminal leaflets 3–7-lobed
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petals not clawed; lateral leaflets many times smaller than terminal, in 1–3 pairs or absent; terminal leaflets 5–7-lobed; plants weakly rhizomatous; hypanthia nearly flat; achenes straight, stipitate, sutures densely ciliate.
|[[Filipendula occidentalis|Filipendula occidentalis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Petals clawed; lateral leaflets comparable in size with terminal, in 2–4 pairs; terminal leaflets 3–5-lobed; plants cespitose; hypanthia concave, becoming slightly convex in fruit; achenes twisted, sessile, glabrous.
|[[Filipendula ulmaria|Filipendula ulmaria]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Filipendula
|author=Ivan A. Schanzer
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Thecanisia;Ulmaria
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|distribution=North America;Eurasia;n Africa;introduced in Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|reference=savile1968a;schanzer1994a
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_29.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Ulmarieae
|genus=Filipendula
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rosaceae tribe Ulmarieae]]