View source for Styracaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Styracaceae
|accepted_authority=de Candolle & Sprengel
|publications=
|common_names=Snowbell or Storax Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Styracaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Styracaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 248, 329, 340
|treatment_page=page 339
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, deciduous [evergreen], hairs stellate [scales]. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, simple; stipules absent; petiole present; blade margins serrate or entire, rarely also lobed. <b>Inflorescences</b> false-terminal and/or axillary racemes or panicles, sometimes solitary flowers. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual [plants gynodioecious]; perianth and androecium perigynous to epigynous; hypanthium adnate to ovary wall at various levels; sepals (2–)4–5(–9) [absent], distinct or connate, sometimes forming tube with or without minute apical teeth; petals 4–5(–8), connate proximally; stamens usually 2(–4) times [equaling] number of corolla lobes, adnate to corolla at base only or to 1/2 length of corolla, uniseriate in appearance; anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; pistils 1, 2–4[–5]-carpellate; ovary partly or completely inferior, proximally 2–4[–5]-septate, 1-locular by distal attenuation of septa; placentation axile [near basal]; ovules anatropous, uni- or bitegmic, tenuinucellate; styles 1, simple [3-parted]; stigmas 1, terminal, truncate or minutely 2–4[–5]-lobed. <b>Fruits</b> capsular, dehiscence loculicidal, or nutlike (dry and indehiscent), sometimes winged, [drupaceous]. <b>Seeds</b> 1–4[–ca. 50], brown, ellipsoid to globose or fusiform [flat, winged]; embryo straight or slightly curved; endosperm copious, cellular, oily.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;s Europe;e;se Asia;warm-temperate and tropical areas.
|discussion=<p>Genera 11, species ca. 160 (2 genera, 7 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Species of <i>Halesia</i> and <i>Styrax</i> are sometimes cultivated for ornament, and species of Alniphyllum, Melliodendron, Pterostyrax, Rehderodendron, and Sinojackia have been successfully grown in the United States.</p><!--
--><p>About 80% of the species of Styracaceae belong to <i>Styrax</i>; the next largest genera in the family are Rehderodendron and Sinojackia, with five and six species, respectively. All genera are endemic to eastern and/or southeastern Asia with the exception of the two in the flora.</p><!--
--><p>The Styracaceae have been shown to be monophyletic on the basis of morphological and DNA sequence evidence (P. W. Fritsch et al. 2001). Studies with DNA sequence data place Styracaceae within order Ericales (in the sense of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003; C. M. Morton et al. 1996; A. A. Anderberg et al. 2002) as sister to Diapensiaceae, and Styracaceae + Diapensiaceae are sister to Symplocaceae (J. Schönenberger et al. 2005). The South American genus Pamphilia is now included within <i>Styrax</i> (B. Wallnöfer 1997; Fritsch 1999, 2001).</p><!--
--><p>The fossil record of the Styracaceae extends back to the early Eocene (B. H. Tiffney 1985).</p><!--
--><p>In the present treatment, calyx dimensions include the hypanthium, whereas those of the corolla and stamens do not. Leaf dimensions are those of the larger examples on each specimen except where noted.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=dickison1985a
|text=Dickison, W. C. and K. D. Phend. 1985. Wood anatomy of the Styracaceae: Evolutionary and ecological considerations. I.A.W.A. Bull., N.S. 6: 3–22.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=dickison1993a
|text=Dickison, W. C. 1993. Floral anatomy of the Styracaceae, including observations on intra-ovarian trichomes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 112: 223–255.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fritsch2001a
|text=Fritsch, P. W., C. M. Morton, Chen T., and C. Meldrum. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Styracaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 162: S95–S116.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fritsch2004a
|text=Fritsch, P. W. 2004. Styracaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 7+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 6, pp. 434–442.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=miers1859a
|text=Miers, J. 1859. On the natural order Styraceae, as distinguished from the Symplocaceae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 3: 394–404.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=morton1992a
|text=Morton, C. M. and W. C. Dickison. 1992. Comparative pollen morphology of the Styracaceae. Grana 31: 1–15.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=perkins1928a
|text=Perkins, J. R. 1928. Übersicht über die Gattungen der Styracaceae sowie Zusammenstellung der Abbildungen und der Literatur über die Arten dieser Familie bis zum Jahre 1928.... Leipzig.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=schadel1979a
|text=Schadel, W. E. and W. C. Dickison. 1979. Leaf anatomy and venation patterns of the Styracaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 8–37.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=spongberg1976b
|text=Spongberg, S. A. 1976b. Styracaceae hardy in temperate North America. J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 55–73.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wood1960c
|text=Wood, C. E. Jr. and R. B. Channell. 1960. The genera of the Ebenales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 41: 1–35.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Winter buds without scales; pith continuous; inflorescences borne on shoots of current growing season; fertile shoots of current growing season with fully developed leaves; articulation between pedicels and flowers absent; corolla lobes 5-6(-8); ovaries partly inferior; fruits not winged.
|[[Styrax|Styrax]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Winter buds with scales; pith chambered; inflorescences borne on shoots of previous growing season; fertile shoots of current growing season without fully developed leaves (rarely fully developed); articulation between pedicels and flowers present; corolla lobes 4; ovaries completely inferior; fruits winged.
|[[Halesia|Halesia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Styracaceae
|author=Peter W. Fritsch
|authority=de Candolle & Sprengel
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Styracaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;s Europe;e;se Asia;warm-temperate and tropical areas.
|reference=dickison1985a;dickison1993a;fritsch2001a;fritsch2004a;miers1859a;morton1992a;perkins1928a;schadel1979a;spongberg1976b;wood1960c
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V8/V8_669.xml
}}<!--

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