View source for Crocanthemum bicknellii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crocanthemum bicknellii
|accepted_authority=(Fernald) Janchen in H. G. A. Engler et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.
|place=2, 21: 307. 1925
|year=1925
}}
|common_names=Hoary or plains frostweed
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Helianthemum bicknellii
|authority=Fernald
|publication_title=Rhodora
|publication_place=21: 36. 1919
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=H. canadense var. walkerae
|authority=W. H. Evans
}}
|hierarchy=Cistaceae;Crocanthemum;Crocanthemum bicknellii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cistaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crocanthemum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Crocanthemum bicknellii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 401, 407
|treatment_page=page 402
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs.</b> Stems erect, clustered on vertical caudex, (12–)20–50(–67) cm, simple or branched, stellate-pubescent to stellate-tomentose. <b>Leaves</b> cauline; petiole 1–4 mm; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (10–)18–32(–40) × 4–7(–10) mm, surfaces stellate-tomentose abaxially, stellate-pubescent adaxially, without simple hairs, lateral veins raised abaxially. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, cymes; chasmogamous flowers 6–10(–18) per cyme; cleistogamous in glomerules, 1–10 flowers per glomerule, on lateral leafy branches 2.5–6 cm, flowering 1–3 months later than chasmogamous. <b>Pedicels</b> (1.5–)3–8(–12) mm; bracts 3–7 × 0.5–1 mm. <b>Chasmogamous</b> flowers: outer sepals linear, 3.5–4.5(–8) × 0.4–1 mm, inner sepals ovate-elliptic, 5–8 × 2.4–4 mm, apex acute; petals obovate, 8–12 × 5–10 mm; capsules 3–5.5 × 2.5–4.5 mm, glabrous. <b>Cleistogamous</b> flowers: outer sepals linear, 0.5–1.5 × 0.3 mm, inner sepals ovate-elliptic, 1.7–2.8 × 1.5–2.3 mm, apex acute capsules 1.5–2.2 × 1.2–2.2 mm, glabrous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, montane outcrops and balds
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=Man.;Ont.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>The dense, often crowded, cleistogamous flowers on branches of <i>Crocanthemum bicknellii</i> late in the season</p><!--
--><p>contrast strongly with the relatively few, terminal, petaliferous flowers early in the season. Its closest relative is 12. <i>C. propinquum</i>; see that treatment for identification aids. The names <i>C. majus</i> (Linnaeus) Britton and Helianthemum majus (Linnaeus) Bicknell have been misapplied to <i>C. bicknellii</i>. They were based on <i>Lechea</i> major Linnaeus, which is a synonym of <i>C. canadense</i>, based on types.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crocanthemum bicknellii
|author=
|authority=(Fernald) Janchen in H. G. A. Engler et al.
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=H. canadense var. walkerae
|basionyms=Helianthemum bicknellii
|family=Cistaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, montane outcrops and balds
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=Man.;Ont.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.
|publication year=1925
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_760.xml
|genus=Crocanthemum
|species=Crocanthemum bicknellii
}}<!--

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