View source for Viola adunca var. adunca

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola adunca var. adunca
|accepted_authority=[E F]
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola adunca subsp. ashtoniae
|authority=M. S. Baker
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. adunca var. cascadensis
|authority=(M. S. Baker) C. L. Hitchcock
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. adunca var. kirkii
|authority=Duran
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. adunca subsp. oxyceras
|authority=(S. Watson) Piper
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. adunca var. oxyceras
|authority=(S. Watson) Jepson
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. adunca subsp. uncinulata
|authority=(Greene) Applegate
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. adunca var. uncinulata
|authority=(Greene) C. L. Hitchcock
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. canina var. puberula
|authority=S. Watson
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. cascadensis
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. minima
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. montanensis
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. oreocallis
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. oxyceras
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. sylvestris var. puberula
|authority=E. Sheldon
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. uncinulata
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola adunca;Viola adunca var. adunca
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola adunca]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>variety</small>[[Viola adunca var. adunca]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 120
|treatment_page=page 119
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>erect, decumbent, or prostrate, (4–)4.5–30(–35) cm. <b>Basal</b> leaves: blade usually ovate or ovate-deltate, sometimes ± reniform or oblong, 1.3–6.9 × 1.2–5 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent, especially abaxially. <b>Cauline</b> leaves: petiole 0.8–6.5 cm; blade 1.1–5.5 × 1–4.7 cm. <b>Peduncles</b> 3–13.8 cm, bracteoles alternate or opposite. <b>Flowers</b>: sepal margins ciliate or eciliate; lowest petal 9–17(–23) mm; style head bearded or beardless. <b>Seeds</b> 1.5–2 mm. <b>2n</b> = 20, 30, 40.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Aug.
|habitat=Dry to moist meadows, open ground, including lawns, damp banks, openings, meadow edges, rocky areas in coniferous or mixed forests, sandy loam
|elevation=0–3600 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>Variety adunca can be confused with <i>Viola nephrophylla</i>, which is acaulescent, and with <i>V. labradorica</i>, which lacks decurrent petioles.</p><!--
--><p>H. E. Ballard (1992) noted that eastern specimens of <i>Viola adunca</i> were rarely glabrous, but western ones were often glabrous. Dead, elongated stems often persist on caudices.</p><!--
--><p>J. Clausen (1929) noted that although many American botanists had treated <i>Viola adunca</i> as closely related to or as a variety of <i>V. canina</i>, he thought <i>V. adunca</i> should be treated as a subspecies of the European <i>V. rupestris</i>.</p><!--
--><p>or as a variety of <i>V. canina</i>, he thought <i>V. adunca</i> should be treated as a subspecies of the European <i>V. rupestris</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Variety adunca is the food plant for the larvae of the federally listed Behren’s silverspot butterfly (Speyeria zerene behrensii), Myrtle’s silverspot butterfly (S. z. myrtleae), and Oregon silverspot butterfly (S. z. hippolyta).</p><!--
--><p>Evidence of nectar thievery (presence of holes in the spur) has been observed in populations of <i></i></i>var.<i><i> adunca</i> in California and Colorado. Nectar thievery by bumblebees has been reported in <i>Viola</i> hirta and <i>V. riviniana</i> in Europe (A. J. Beattie 1969b).</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola</i> cascadensis, from Oregon and adjacent Washington, was described by M. S. Baker (1949b) as having dimorphic growth in which, after chasmogamous flowering, the plant changes from acaulescent to caulescent, forming well-developed, nonpersistent stems with cleistogamous flowers, as well as other differences between it and <i>V. adunca</i>. <i>Viola</i> cascadensis was treated as a variety of <i>V. adunca</i> by C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) and was synonymized with <i>V. adunca</i> by H. E. Ballard (1992). Study is needed to determine if recognition of V. cascadensis is warranted.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola adunca var. adunca
|author=
|authority=[E F]
|rank=variety
|parent rank=species
|synonyms=Viola adunca subsp. ashtoniae;V. adunca var. cascadensis;V. adunca var. kirkii;V. adunca subsp. oxyceras;V. adunca var. oxyceras;V. adunca subsp. uncinulata;V. adunca var. uncinulata;V. canina var. puberula;V. cascadensis;V. minima;V. montanensis;V. oreocallis;V. oxyceras;V. sylvestris var. puberula;V. uncinulata
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Aug.
|habitat=Dry to moist meadows, open ground, including lawns, damp banks, openings, meadow edges, rocky areas in coniferous or mixed forests, sandy loam
|elevation=0–3600 m
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_194.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola adunca
|variety=Viola adunca var. adunca
}}<!--

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