View source for Carnegiea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carnegiea
|accepted_authority=Britton & Rose
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. New York Bot. Gard.
|place=9: 187, fig. 32, plates 48–52. 1908
|year=1908
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Carnegiea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carnegiea]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Andrew Carnegie, 1835–1919, Scottish-born American philanthropist and patron for systematic studies of cacti
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 97, 185
|treatment_page=page 184
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree architecture;tree architecture;tree size;main branch orientation;main branch orientation"><b>Trees,</b> 1–10-branched or unbranched, massive with trunk, main branches erect or ascending from near midstem of trunk (secondary branches absent except where injured).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root density"><b>Roots </b>diffuse.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture;stem coloration;stem shape;stem size;stem length;stem width"><b>Stems </b>unsegmented, green, columnar, gigantic, 500–1500 × 25–75 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="bark coloration;bark development">bark gray, well developed only near base and over stem wounds;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="rib count;rib count;rib shape;plant life cycle;plant count;rib crest shape;rib crest prominence or shape;rib crest relief;rib crest shape">ribs 19–26 or, on young plants, 11–15, broadly triangular in cross-section, rib crests rounded, flat, neither tuberculate nor notched between areoles (slightly raised tubercles on distal stems of old plants);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="areole some measurement;areole arrangement;areole arrangement or shape;areole shape;areole shape;areole shape;areole shape;hair density;hair coloration;hair coloration;hair coloration">areoles 1 cm apart along ribs, circular, elliptic, or shield-shaped, with dense, tannish white to gray hairs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="areolar gland count">areolar glands absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="cortex coating;pith coating">cortex and pith not mucilaginous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="spine atypical count;spine atypical count;spine count;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine shape;spine texture;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine texture"><b>Spines </b>(8–) 15–28 (–50) per areole, tannish white to beige or grayish, acicular, rigid, terete, flattened, or angular, hard;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="spine arrangement;spine atypical count;spine atypical count;spine count;spine shape;spine orientation;spine some measurement">radial spines (8–) 15–20 (–50) per areole, flattened against ribs or spreading, 10–20 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="central spine atypical count;central spine count;central spine orientation;central spine length;central spine width">central spines (0–) 4–7 per areole, diffusely spreading, 30–50 × 10–15 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower duration;flower shape;flower some measurement;stem architecture;stem growth order or position;stem position;stem position;stem position;tube height or length or size"><b>Flowers </b>nocturnal, but remaining open next day, mostly terminal to subterminal on stems (also lateral), from adaxial edges of areoles, funnelform-salverform with short tube, 8.5–14 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="tepal orientation">tepals all strongly reflexed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="outer tepal coloration;outer tepal some measurement;margin coloration;margin shape">outer tepals green, 2–2.5 cm, margins whitish, undulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="inner tepal texture;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal length;inner tepal width;margin shape;margin shape">inner tepals waxy white, 2–3.5 × 1–1.8 cm, margins entire or undulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary relief;ovary architecture or pubescence">ovary tuberculate, minutely scaly;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="scale shape;scale size">scales triangular, small, axils usually without hairs or spines (sometimes flexible bristlelike spines present);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma lobe count;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe some measurement">stigma lobes ca. 10, tannish white, ca. 12 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;split count;apex architecture or shape;spine width;spine coloration"><b>Fruits </b>dehiscent by 2 or more vertical splits from apex, dark red, obovoid to ellipsoid, 45–95 × 25–45 mm, apex truncate, occasionally with thin white spines;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="pulp coloration;pulp taste">pulp bright red, sweet;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="floral remnant duration">floral remnant persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed reflectance;seed architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Seeds </b>reddish black, obovoid, 1.5 mm, glossy, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="">testa cells flat.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="testa cell prominence or shape;x chromosome count">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw United States;nw Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Species 1.</p><!--
--><p>On young trunks and major branches, spines are stiff, straight, and acicular, and the central spines are strongly developed. In contrast, on young areoles near the flowering stem tips of old primary and secondary branches, spines are mostly flexible, wiry or bristlelike, curved or twisted radial spines. On the oldest trunks, central spines often are lost, and radial spines appear very numerous as they continue to develop for many years as areoles enlarge.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=steenbergh1977a
|text=Steenbergh, W. F. and C. H. Lowe. 1977. Ecology of the Saguaro, II: Reproduction, Germination, Establishment, Growth, and Survival of the Young Plant. Washington. [Natl. Park Serv., Sci. Mongr. Ser. 8.]
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carnegiea
|author=Arthur C. Gibson
|authority=Britton & Rose
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=sw United States;nw Mexico.
|reference=steenbergh1977a
|publication title=J. New York Bot. Gard.
|publication year=1908
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_349.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Carnegiea
|apex architecture or shape=truncate
|areolar gland count=absent
|areole arrangement=apart
|areole arrangement or shape=circular
|areole shape=shield-shaped;elliptic;shield-shaped;elliptic
|areole some measurement=1
|bark coloration=gray
|bark development=developed
|central spine atypical count=0;4
|central spine count=4;7
|central spine length=30mm;50mm
|central spine orientation=spreading
|central spine width=10mm;15mm
|cortex coating=not mucilaginous
|floral remnant duration=persistent
|flower duration=nocturnal
|flower shape=funnelform-salverform
|flower some measurement=8.5cm;14cm
|fruit coloration=dark red
|fruit dehiscence=dehiscent
|fruit length=45mm;95mm
|fruit shape=obovoid;ellipsoid
|fruit width=25mm;45mm
|hair coloration=tannish white;gray
|hair density=dense
|inner tepal coloration=white
|inner tepal length=2cm;3.5cm
|inner tepal texture=waxy
|inner tepal width=1cm;1.8cm
|main branch orientation=ascending;erect
|margin coloration=whitish
|margin shape=undulate;entire;undulate
|outer tepal coloration=green
|outer tepal some measurement=2cm;2.5cm
|ovary architecture or pubescence=scaly
|ovary relief=tuberculate
|pith coating=not mucilaginous
|plant count=11;15
|plant life cycle=young
|pulp coloration=bright red
|pulp taste=sweet
|rib count=,;19;26
|rib crest prominence or shape=flat
|rib crest relief=tuberculate
|rib crest shape=notched;rounded
|rib shape=triangular
|root density=diffuse
|scale shape=triangular
|scale size=small
|seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|seed coloration=reddish black
|seed reflectance=glossy
|seed shape=obovoid
|seed some measurement=1.5
|spine arrangement=radial
|spine atypical count=20;50
|spine coloration=white;tannish white;beige or grayish
|spine count=15;20
|spine orientation=spreading
|spine shape=flattened;angular;flattened;angular;flattened;terete;acicular
|spine some measurement=10mm;20mm
|spine texture=hard;rigid
|spine width=thin
|split count=2
|stem architecture=open;unsegmented
|stem coloration=green
|stem growth order or position=next
|stem length=500cm;1500cm
|stem position=mostly terminal;subterminal
|stem shape=columnar
|stem size=gigantic
|stem width=25cm;75cm
|stigma lobe coloration=tannish white
|stigma lobe count=10
|stigma lobe some measurement=12
|tepal orientation=reflexed
|testa cell prominence or shape=flat
|tree architecture=unbranched;1-10-branched
|tree size=massive
|tube height or length or size=short
|x chromosome count=11
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]