View source for Peniocereus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Peniocereus
|accepted_authority=(A. Berger) Britton & Rose
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
|place=12: 428. 1909
|year=1909
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cereus subsect. Peniocereus
|authority=A. Berger
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cullmannia
|authority=Distefano
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Neoevansia
|authority=W. T. Marshall
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nyctocereus
|authority=(A. Berg er) Britton & Rose
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Peniocereus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Peniocereus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek penios, thread, and Cereus, a genus of cacti
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 96, 174
|treatment_page=page 155
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub position;shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub growth form;shrub architecture"><b>Shrubs,</b> low, erect to sprawling, arching, or scrambling, sparingly branched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root shape;root shape;root arrangement or growth form"><b>Roots </b>turnip-shaped or tuberlike and clustered.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem shape;stem shape;stem shape;stem shape;stem atypical length;stem atypical length;stem length;stem atypical width;stem width;stem texture;stem size;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>unsegmented, gray, gray-green, greenish brown, brown, or purplish, columnar, proximally terete, distally terete or angled [or dimorphic with young stems 3–5-angled and adult stems terete in two Mexican species], [12–] 25–300 [–400] × 0.3–2 [–6] cm, rigid, slender, canescent [or papillate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="rib atypical count;rib atypical count;rib count;rib prominence;rib crest course;rib crest architecture">ribs [3–] 4–9 [–20], often prominent, rib crests usually straight, uninterrupted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="areole atypical some measurement;areole some measurement;areole arrangement;areole arrangement or shape;areole arrangement or shape;areole arrangement or shape;areole pubescence;areole pubescence">areoles (3.5–) 5–20 mm apart along ribs, circular to elliptic, lanose or sometimes glabrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="areolar gland count">areolar glands absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="cortex coating;pith coating">cortex and pith not mucilaginous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="tip coloration;base shape"><b>Spines </b>5–15 (–17) per areole, yellowish white, sometimes with black tips, conic, subulate with swollen bases, sometimes acicular to bristlelike, 1.5–4 [–25] mm, puberulent to glabrate, scurfy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="spine atypical count;spine count;spine coloration;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine architecture;spine atypical some measurement;spine some measurement;spine pubescence;spine pubescence;spine pubescence;spine pubescence;spine arrangement">radial and central spines similar.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower duration;flower odor;flower shape;flower some measurement;tube length or size;tube shape"><b>Flowers </b>nocturnal (remaining open next day), usually borne laterally along distal portions of ribs, at adaxial edges of areoles, usually fragrant, salverform with long tube flaring abruptly near apex, usually 7–25 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape;tepal shape">tepals lanceolate to oblanceolate, apiculate to attenuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal length;outer tepal width;margin architecture;margin architecture">outer tepals greenish, usually tinged with red, purple, brown, or white, 25–50 × 2–6 mm, margins entire or minutely ciliate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal length;inner tepal width;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape">inner tepals commonly white [or red], sometimes lightly tinged cream, rose, red, or green, 25–75 × 8–12 mm, margins entire to slightly undulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary pubescence;ovary pubescence;ovary architecture or shape;tubercle position;areole pubescence">ovary with low tubercles, minutely scaly or scaleless, spiny, areoles woolly;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma lobe count;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe some measurement">stigma lobes 9–12, white to yellow-white, 10–15 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit atypical length;fruit length;fruit width;fruit texture;fruit position;fruit relief;fruit pubescence;fruit architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>indehiscent, red to scarlet [carmine to purple], pyriform or ellipsoid [to ovoid], [30–] 40–90 × 25–50 mm, fleshy, low tuberculate, scaleless, spiny;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pulp coloration;pulp toxicity;taxon taste">pulp reddish, in some taxa sweet and edible;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="floral remnant duration">floral remnant persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed length;seed width;seed reflectance;seed reflectance"><b>Seeds </b>black, broadly oblong, 1–4 × 0.8–2.5 mm, shiny or dull;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="cell prominence;cell shape">testa rugose, pitted and/or with raised polygonal cells.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="testa relief;testa relief;x chromosome count">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Arid regions;sw United States;nc and w Mexico southward to Chiapas.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=sanchez-m1973a
|text=Sánchez-M., H. 1973. El género Neoevansia Marshall, historia y revisión. Cact. Suc. Mex. 18: 13–27.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sanchez-m1974a
|text=Sánchez-M., H. 1974. Revisión del Género Peniocereus: (Las Cactáceas). Toluca.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems at midlength 10 mm diam.; ribs 4-6, prominent, widely divergent; flowers 15-25 cm
|[[Peniocereus greggii|Peniocereus greggii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems at midlength 6 mm diam.; ribs 6-9, low, rounded, crowded together; flowers 7-10 cm
|[[Peniocereus striatus|Peniocereus striatus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Peniocereus
|author=Donald J. Pinkava
|authority=(A. Berger) Britton & Rose
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=Cullmannia;Neoevansia;Nyctocereus
|basionyms=Cereus subsect. Peniocereus
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=Arid regions;sw United States;nc and w Mexico southward to Chiapas.
|reference=sanchez-m1973a;sanchez-m1974a
|publication title=Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
|publication year=1909
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_300.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Peniocereus
|areolar gland count=absent
|areole arrangement=apart
|areole arrangement or shape=circular;elliptic
|areole atypical some measurement=3.5mm;5mm
|areole pubescence=woolly;glabrate;lanose
|areole some measurement=5mm;20mm
|base shape=swollen
|cell prominence=raised
|cell shape=polygonal
|cortex coating=not mucilaginous
|floral remnant duration=persistent
|flower duration=nocturnal
|flower odor=fragrant
|flower shape=salverform
|flower some measurement=7cm;25cm
|fruit architecture or shape=spiny
|fruit atypical length=30mm;40mm
|fruit coloration=red;scarlet
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent
|fruit length=40mm;90mm
|fruit position=low
|fruit pubescence=scaleless
|fruit relief=tuberculate
|fruit shape=ellipsoid;pyriform
|fruit texture=fleshy
|fruit width=25mm;50mm
|inner tepal coloration=green;red;green;red;rose;tinged cream;white
|inner tepal length=25mm;75mm
|inner tepal width=8mm;12mm
|margin architecture=ciliate;entire
|margin shape=entire;slightly undulate
|outer tepal coloration=white;brown;white;brown;purple;punct;tinged with red;greenish
|outer tepal length=25mm;50mm
|outer tepal width=2mm;6mm
|ovary architecture or shape=spiny
|ovary pubescence=scaleless;scaly
|pith coating=not mucilaginous
|pulp coloration=reddish
|pulp toxicity=edible
|rib atypical count=9;20
|rib count=4;9
|rib crest architecture=uninterrupted
|rib crest course=straight
|rib prominence=prominent
|root arrangement or growth form=clustered
|root shape=tuberlike;turnip-shaped
|seed coloration=black
|seed length=1mm;4mm
|seed reflectance=dull;shiny
|seed shape=oblong
|seed width=0.8mm;2.5mm
|shrub architecture=branched
|shrub growth form=scrambling
|shrub orientation=arching;erect;sprawling
|shrub position=low
|spine architecture=bristlelike
|spine arrangement=radial
|spine atypical count=15;17
|spine atypical some measurement=4mm;25mm
|spine coloration=yellowish white
|spine count=5;15
|spine pubescence=scurfy;puberulent;glabrate
|spine shape=acicular;subulate;conic
|spine some measurement=1.5mm;4mm
|stem architecture=unsegmented
|stem atypical length=300cm;400cm
|stem atypical width=2cm;6cm
|stem coloration=purplish;brown;purplish;brown;greenish brown;gray-green;gray
|stem length=25cm;300cm
|stem pubescence=canescent
|stem shape=angled;terete;terete;columnar
|stem size=slender
|stem texture=rigid
|stem width=0.3cm;2cm
|stigma lobe coloration=white;yellow-white
|stigma lobe count=9;12
|stigma lobe some measurement=10mm;15mm
|taxon taste=sweet
|tepal shape=lanceolate;oblanceolate apiculate
|testa relief=pitted;rugose
|tip coloration=black
|tube length or size=long
|tube shape=flaring
|tubercle position=low
|x chromosome count=11
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]