View source for Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae
|accepted_authority=Engelmann in W. H. Brewer et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California
|place=1: 243. 1876
|year=1876
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 92, 93, 95
|treatment_page=page 99
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub orientation;shrub growth form;shrub architecture;shrub architecture or shape;climber texture;climber orientation;climber growth form;climber architecture;climber architecture or shape;plant texture"><b>Trees,</b> shrubs, or woody climbers, erect or scrambling, usually freely branching, not cactuslike, resembling other woody plants.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root density;root shape"><b>Roots </b>diffuse or tuberlike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem architecture;stem architecture or shape;stem relief;stem texture;stem texture"><b>Stems </b>unsegmented, not ribbed or tuberculate, not especially succulent, becoming woody with age;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="areole arrangement or shape;areole count;spine count;glochid count">areoles in leaf-axils, circular, bearing 1 to several spines, glochids absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spine duration;spine shape;spine course;spine course;spine shape;spine architecture or pubescence or relief;spine pubescence;epidermis condition;epidermis arrangement"><b>Spines </b>persistent, usually acicular, straight, less often curving and catclaw-like, smooth, glabrous, epidermis intact, not separating as sheath.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous, alternate, often petiolate [subsessile];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade width;blade prominence or shape;blade texture;blade texture;plant architecture">blade broad, flat, fleshy or ± succulent, resembling leaves of other broad-leaved plants.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower duration;flower reproduction;cymose-panicle architecture or shape;cymose-panicle architecture;cymose-panicle shape;flower count"><b>Flowers </b>diurnal, bisexual [or unisexual], in axillary or terminal racemes, corymbs, panicles, or cymose-panicles of 1–70+ flowers [solitary or fasciculate], radially symmetric, stalked [subsessile to sessile], ± rotate [broadly campanulate–urceolate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="tepal position;tepal position;flower tube prominence">tepals perigynous or epigynous, flower tube not apparent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bract width;bract architecture or shape;bract architecture or pubescence">ovary subtended by broad leaflike scaly bracts;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="nectar chamber prominence">nectar chamber not apparent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit texture"><b>Fruits </b>indehiscent, spheric, pyriform, or broadly depressed-obovate, fleshy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="perianth duration;flower part duration">perianth and contained flower parts ± persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="seed count;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed architecture;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>2–150+, black, lenticular to obovate or subreniform, 1.7–7.5 mm, not strophiolate or arillate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=tropical and subtropical regions in the New World from central Mexico and the West Indies southward to northern Argentina.
|discussion=<p>Genus 1, species 17 (2 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The monogeneric Pereskioideae is the smallest North American subfamily of Cactaceae. Recently, subfam. Maihuenioideae P. Fearn, of South America, was segregated on the basis of DNA and morphologic data. It has long been generally accepted that the cactus family had its origin in a Pereskia-like ancestor, because species of Pereskia, with their broad leaves, woody, barely succulent habits, and relatively primitive-looking flowers, more closely resemble typical, leafy dicotyledonous plants than succulent cacti (A. C. Gibson and P. S. Nobel 1986; B. E. Leuenberger 1986). In addition, species of Pereskia are reported to have the C3 photosynthetic pathway, unlike stem-succulent cacti, which have crassulacean acid metabolism (A. C. Gibson and P. S. Nobel 1986). Recent analyses of DNA data confirm that Pereskia have DNA sequences that are primitive for the family (R. S. Wallace and A. C. Gibson 2002).</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae
|author=Michael W. Hawkes
|authority=Engelmann in W. H. Brewer et al.
|rank=subfamily
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|distribution=tropical and subtropical regions in the New World from central Mexico and the West Indies southward to northern Argentina.
|reference=None
|publication title=in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California
|publication year=1876
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_189.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae
|areole arrangement or shape=circular
|areole count=1
|blade prominence or shape=flat
|blade texture=succulent;fleshy
|blade width=broad
|bract architecture or pubescence=scaly
|bract architecture or shape=leaflike
|bract width=broad
|climber architecture=branching
|climber architecture or shape=not cactuslike
|climber growth form=scrambling
|climber orientation=erect
|climber texture=woody
|cymose-panicle architecture=stalked
|cymose-panicle architecture or shape=symmetric
|cymose-panicle shape=rotate
|epidermis arrangement=not separating
|epidermis condition=intact
|flower count=1;70
|flower duration=diurnal
|flower part duration=persistent
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|flower tube prominence=not apparent
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent
|fruit shape=depressed-obovate;pyriform;depressed-obovate;pyriform;spheric
|fruit texture=fleshy
|glochid count=absent
|leaf architecture=petiolate
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|leaf duration=deciduous
|nectar chamber prominence=not apparent
|perianth duration=persistent
|plant architecture=broad-leaved
|plant texture=woody
|root density=diffuse
|root shape=tuberlike
|seed architecture=arillate;not strophiolate
|seed coloration=black
|seed count=2;150
|seed shape=lenticular;obovate or subreniform
|seed some measurement=1.7mm;7.5mm
|shrub architecture=branching
|shrub architecture or shape=not cactuslike
|shrub growth form=scrambling
|shrub orientation=erect
|spine architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|spine count=several
|spine course=curving;straight
|spine duration=persistent
|spine pubescence=glabrous
|spine shape=catclaw-like;acicular
|stem architecture=unsegmented
|stem architecture or shape=not ribbed
|stem relief=tuberculate
|stem texture=woody;succulent
|tepal position=epigynous;perigynous
}}<!--

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