View source for Celtis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Celtis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1043. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 467. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Hackberry;sugarberry;bois inconnu
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ulmaceae;Celtis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ulmaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Celtis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Classical Latin, Pliny's name for Celtis australis Linnaeus, the "lotus" of the ancient world
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or rarely shrubs, to 30 m; crowns spreading. <b>Bark</b> usually gray, smooth or often fissured and conspicuously warty. <b>Branches</b> without or with thorns, slender, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Leaves</b>: stipules falling early. <b>Leaf</b> blade deltate to ovate to oblong-lanceolate, base oblique or cuneate to rounded, margins entire or serrate-dentate; venation 3(-5)-pinnate. <b>Inflorescences</b>: staminate inflorescences cymes or fascicles; pistillate solitary or few-flowered clusters. <b>Flowers</b> usually unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plants, along with a few bisexual flowers, pedicellate on branches of current year, appearing in mid or late spring. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: filaments incurved in bud, exserted after anthesis; gynoecium minute, rudimentary. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: calyx slightly to deeply 4(-5)-lobed; stamens 4-5, inserted on pilose receptacle, included, often nonfunctional filaments usually shorter than in staminate flowers, rarely absent; anthers ovate, face to face in bud, extrorse; ovaries sessile, ovoid, 1-locular; styles short, sessile, divided into 2 divergent, elongate, reflexed lobes, lobes entire or 2-cleft. <b>Fruits</b> fleshy drupes, ovoid or globose; outer mesocarp thick, firm, inner mesocarp thin, fleshy; stones thick walled, ripening in autumn, persisting after leaves fall. <b>x</b> = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Tropical and temperate regions;worldwide.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 60 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The hackberries provide important wildlife habitat, forming thickets that give shelter and fleshy drupes that ripen in autumn, persist after leaves fall, and supply winter food for birds and mammals. The treatment presented here is a simplified circumscription of species with no elaboration of infraspecific variation or interspecific hybridization. The group is taxonomically complex and in need of revision.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=correll1970a
|text=Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Renner, Tex.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Branches with thorns; leaf blade usually less than 2 cm wide.
|[[Celtis pallida|Celtis pallida]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Branches without thorns; leaf blade usually much more than 2 cm wide.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade typically elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex sharply acute to acuminate, margins mostly entire.
|[[Celtis laevigata|Celtis laevigata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade typically broadly to narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex blunt or obtuse to abruptly long-acuminate, acute, or short-acuminate, margins variable.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade abaxially white tomentose; fruits usually light brown; near San Antonio, Texas.
|[[Celtis lindheimeri|Celtis lindheimeri]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade abaxially essentially glabrous or with coarse pubescence mainly on veins; fruits mostly reddish orange to purple; widespread.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blade typically 4.5 cm or less, margins entire or somewhat serrate above middle.
|[[Celtis reticulata|Celtis reticulata]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blade mostly 5 cm or more, margins coarsely serrate for at least part of length.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Shrubs or small trees; leaf blade serrate and sparingly toothed toward apex, entire proximally; fruits orange to brown to cherry red.
|[[Celtis tenuifolia|Celtis tenuifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Trees; leaf blade conspicuously serrate to well below middle; fruits dark orange to purple- or blue-black.
|[[Celtis occidentalis|Celtis occidentalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Celtis
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ulmaceae
|distribution=Tropical and temperate regions;worldwide.
|reference=correll1970a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_782.xml
|genus=Celtis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ulmaceae]]