View source for Ctenidium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ctenidium
|accepted_authority=(Schimper) Mitten
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
|place=12: 509. 1869
|year=1869
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Hypnum subg. Ctenidium
|authority=Schimper
|publication_title=Syn. Musc. Eur.,
|publication_place=631. 1860
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Hypnaceae;Ctenidium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hypnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ctenidium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek ktenos, comb, and -idium, diminutive, alluding to branching pattern
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 515, 516, 524, 642
|treatment_page=page 522
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>small to medium-sized, seldom large, in loose mats, light green, dull. <b>Stems</b> usually creeping, pinnate or subpinnate; hyalodermis absent, central strand present; pseudoparaphyllia triangular to ovate-lanceolate. <b>Stem</b> and branch leaves differentiated. <b>Stem</b> leaves spreading, falcate, ovate-lanceolate to triangular-acuminate, not or weakly plicate; base broadly decurrent; margins usually recurved basally, plane distally, denticulate; apex acuminate from near base or mid leaf; costa usually double, short or to 1/4 leaf length; alar cells weakly differentiated, short- to long-rectangular; laminal cells distally prorulose abaxially. <b>Branch</b> leaves longer lanceolate, smaller. <b>Specialized</b> asexual reproduction absent. <b>Sexual</b> condition dioicous; outer perichaetial leaves weakly reflexed, inner leaves erect, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. <b>Seta</b> reddish, smooth, occasionally scabrous near capsule. <b>Capsule</b> nodding to horizontal, short-elliptic to cylindric and curved, not or somewhat constricted below mouth; annulus somewhat differentiated, 1- or 2-seriate, cells large; operculum conic-apiculate; peristome double; exostome teeth with external surface with zigzag central line, lamellose, striolate proximally, papillose distally; endostome basal membrane high, segments as high as exostome, keeled, cilia 1–3, elongate. <b>Calyptra</b> weakly prorulose distally, hairy. <b>Spores</b> spheric, finely papillose.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide (with concentration in se Asia);temperate and tropical areas.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 21 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The recent revision by N. Nishimura (1985) provides a standard reference for this large genus of difficult to distinguish species. At the genus level, <i>Ctenidium</i> is quickly identified by the combination of the absent stem hyalodermis, laminal cells prorulose abaxially at distal ends, and falcate leaves. <i>Ctenidium</i> differs from <i>Hypnum</i> and most other genera of Hypnaceae by the prorulose laminal cells; it differs from the prorulose <i>Chryso-hypnum</i> by the prorulae evident at both cell ends, not just the distal ends, and leaves approximately straight, not curved. The axillary hairs are 3-celled; the leaf bases are often cordate and often concave between the alar region and costa; the basal laminal cells are short-rectangular, and the medial cells are long-rectangular. The antheridiate plants are usually smaller than the archegoniate; the exostome teeth are subulate-acuminate, yellow-brown, and internally trabeculate; and the endostome segments are pale yellow, weakly papillose, and split along the median line.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nishimura1985a
|text=Nishimura, N. 1985. A revision of the genus Ctenidium (Musci). J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 58: 1–82.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves at stem apices unevenly divergent; stem leaf apices acuminate from mid leaf; stem leaf laminal cells 50-80 µm, weakly prorulose; margins weakly denticulate; branch leaf margins recurved basally.
|[[Ctenidium schofieldii|Ctenidium schofieldii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves at stem apices evenly divergent; stem leaf apices acuminate from near base; stem leaf laminal cells 40-50 µm, strongly prorulose at least distally; margins strongly denticulate; branch leaf margins rarely recurved basally.
|[[Ctenidium molluscum|Ctenidium molluscum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ctenidium
|author=Richard H. Zander
|authority=(Schimper) Mitten
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Hypnum subg. Ctenidium
|family=Hypnaceae
|distribution=Nearly worldwide (with concentration in se Asia);temperate and tropical areas.
|reference=nishimura1985a
|publication title=J. Linn. Soc., Bot.
|publication year=1869
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_808.xml
|genus=Ctenidium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hypnaceae]]