View source for Rhynchostegium aquaticum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rhynchostegium aquaticum
|accepted_authority=A. Jaeger
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges.
|place=1876 – 77: 378. 1878
|year=1878
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Hypnum aquaticum
|authority=Hampe
|publication_title=Linnaea
|publication_place=32: 61. 1863,
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Platyhypnidium aquaticum
|authority=(A. Jaeger) M. Fleischer
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rhynchostegium obtusifolium
|authority=(Mitten) A. Jaeger
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. subrusciforme
|authority=(Müller Hal.) A. Jaeger
}}
|hierarchy=Brachytheciaceae;Rhynchostegium;Rhynchostegium aquaticum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brachytheciaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rhynchostegium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rhynchostegium aquaticum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 28
|mention_page=page 436, 455
|treatment_page=page 454
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>large, in loose tufts or extensive mats, deep green, brownish with age. <b>Stems</b> moderately densely terete-foliate, branches moderately densely terete-foliate; axillary hairs of 4–7 cells. <b>Stem</b> leaves erect or gradually reflexed from erect base, broadly ovate or suborbicular to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.9–1.8 mm; margins serrate; apex ± broadly acute, extreme apices acute to blunt; costa to 70–85% leaf length, terminal abaxial spine inconspicuous, occasionally absent; alar cells somewhat enlarged, to 12–15 µm wide, region indistinct; laminal cells 40–90 × 5–7 µm; basal cells shorter, region in 1–2(–3) rows, indistinctly delimited from adjacent cells. <b>Seta</b> 1–2.3 cm. <b>Capsule</b> 1–2 mm; operculum stout-rostrate. <b>Spores</b> 13–16 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Rock, running water of small streams and springs, beds of waterfalls, seepy cliffs, limestone areas
|elevation=low to high elevations (0-2000 m)
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Mexico;Central America;South America;e Asia;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>North American aquatic species of <i>Rhynchostegium</i> were long attributed to R. riparioides (Hedwig) Cardot. The molecular phylogenetic analyses by S. Huttunen et al. (2006) and Huttunen and M. S. Ignatov (2010) demonstrated that European-African populations and American-Asian-Australian populations of R. riparioides represent two groups of differing origins. <i>Rhynchostegium aquaticum</i> is widespread in North America. Some species of <i>Hygrohypnum</i>, for example, <i>H. duriusculum</i>, are rather similar, but their double costa distinguishes them. <i>Oxyrrhynchium hians</i> sometimes is similar, but the consistently spinulose abaxial end of the costa in branch leaves is a reliable character of that species, while the costa is smooth or ends in a small, inconspicuous projection in <i>R. aquaticum</i>. <i>Donrichardsia pringlei</i> is also similar, differing in smaller plant size, and stouter costa that reaches 0.85–0.95 leaf length, but is shorter in <i>R. aquaticum</i>. Leaves of <i>R. aquaticum</i> are usually characteristically obtuse, better observed in young leaves. The most reliable difference is the axillary hairs composed of short cells with length to width ratio 1.5–2.5:1 in <i>Donrichardsia</i>, while in <i>Rhynchostegium</i> cells of axillary hairs are long, with length to width ratio 3–6:1 (Huttunen and Ignatov).</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rhynchostegium aquaticum
|author=
|authority=A. Jaeger
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Platyhypnidium aquaticum;Rhynchostegium obtusifolium;R. subrusciforme
|basionyms=Hypnum aquaticum
|family=Brachytheciaceae
|habitat=Rock, running water of small streams and springs, beds of waterfalls, seepy cliffs, limestone areas
|elevation=low to high elevations (0-2000 m)
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Mexico;Central America;South America;e Asia;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges.
|publication year=1878
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V28/V28_708.xml
|genus=Rhynchostegium
|species=Rhynchostegium aquaticum
}}<!--

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